glob()

(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7)

寻找与模式匹配的文件路径

说明

glob()函数依照 libc glob()函数使用的规则寻找所有与$pattern匹配的文件路径，类似于一般 shells 所用的规则一样。不进行缩写扩展或参数替代。

参数

The pattern. No tilde expansion or parameter substitution is done.

有效标记有：

• GLOB_MARK-在每个返回的项目中加一个斜线
• GLOB_NOSORT-按照文件在目录中出现的原始顺序返回（不排序）
• GLOB_NOCHECK-如果没有文件匹配则返回用于搜索的模式
• GLOB_NOESCAPE-反斜线不转义元字符
• GLOB_BRACE-扩充{a,b,c}来匹配'a'，'b'或'c'
• GLOB_ONLYDIR-仅返回与模式匹配的目录项
• GLOB_ERR-停止并读取错误信息（比如说不可读的目录），默认的情况下忽略所有错误

返回值

返回一个包含有匹配文件／目录的数组。如果出错返回FALSE。

On some systems it is impossible to distinguish between empty match and an error.

更新日志

范例

怎样用glob()方便地替代opendir()和相关函数

以上例程的输出类似于：

funclist.txt size 44686
funcsummary.txt size 267625
quickref.txt size 137820

注释

Note:此函数不能作用于远程文件，被检查的文件必须是可通过服务器的文件系统访问的。

Note:此函数在一些系统上还不能工作（例如一些旧的 Sun OS）。

Note:GLOB_BRACE在一些非 GNU 系统上无效，比如 Solaris。

参见

• opendir() 打开目录句柄
• readdir() 从目录句柄中读取条目
• closedir() 关闭目录句柄
• fnmatch() 用模式匹配文件名

Since I feel this is rather vague and non-helpful, I thought I'd make a post detailing the mechanics of the glob regex.
glob uses two special symbols that act like sort of a blend between a meta-character and a quantifier. These two characters are the * and ? 
The ? matches 1 of any character except a /
The * matches 0 or more of any character except a /
If it helps, think of the * as the pcre equivalent of .* and ? as the pcre equivalent of the dot (.)
Note: * and ? function independently from the previous character. For instance, if you do glob("a*.php") on the following list of files, all of the files starting with an 'a' will be returned, but * itself would match:
a.php // * matches nothing
aa.php // * matches the second 'a'
ab.php // * matches 'b'
abc.php // * matches 'bc'
b.php // * matches nothing, because the starting 'a' fails
bc.php // * matches nothing, because the starting 'a' fails
bcd.php // * matches nothing, because the starting 'a' fails
It does not match just a.php and aa.php as a 'normal' regex would, because it matches 0 or more of any character, not the character/class/group before it. 
Executing glob("a?.php") on the same list of files will only return aa.php and ab.php because as mentioned, the ? is the equivalent of pcre's dot, and is NOT the same as pcre's ?, which would match 0 or 1 of the previous character.
glob's regex also supports character classes and negative character classes, using the syntax [] and [^]. It will match any one character inside [] or match any one character that is not in [^].
With the same list above, executing 
glob("[ab]*.php) will return (all of them):
a.php // [ab] matches 'a', * matches nothing
aa.php // [ab] matches 'a', * matches 2nd 'a'
ab.php // [ab] matches 'a', * matches 'b'
abc.php // [ab] matches 'a', * matches 'bc'
b.php // [ab] matches 'b', * matches nothing
bc.php // [ab] matches 'b', * matches 'c'
bcd.php // [ab] matches 'b', * matches 'cd'
glob("[ab].php") will return a.php and b.php
glob("[^a]*.php") will return:
b.php // [^a] matches 'b', * matches nothing
bc.php // [^a] matches 'b', * matches 'c'
bcd.php // [^a] matches 'b', * matches 'cd'
glob("[^ab]*.php") will return nothing because the character class will fail to match on the first character. 
You can also use ranges of characters inside the character class by having a starting and ending character with a hyphen in between. For example, [a-z] will match any letter between a and z, [0-9] will match any (one) number, etc.. 
glob also supports limited alternation with {n1, n2, etc..}. You have to specify GLOB_BRACE as the 2nd argument for glob in order for it to work. So for example, if you executed glob("{a,b,c}.php", GLOB_BRACE) on the following list of files:
a.php
b.php
c.php
all 3 of them would return. Note: using alternation with single characters like that is the same thing as just doing glob("[abc].php"). A more interesting example would be glob("te{xt,nse}.php", GLOB_BRACE) on:
tent.php
text.php
test.php
tense.php
text.php and tense.php would be returned from that glob.
glob's regex does not offer any kind of quantification of a specified character or character class or alternation. For instance, if you have the following files:
a.php
aa.php
aaa.php
ab.php
abc.php
b.php
bc.php
with pcre regex you can do ~^a+\.php$~ to return 
a.php
aa.php
aaa.php
This is not possible with glob. If you are trying to do something like this, you can first narrow it down with glob, and then get exact matches with a full flavored regex engine. For example, if you wanted all of the php files in the previous list that only have one or more 'a' in it, you can do this:

glob also does not support lookbehinds, lookaheads, atomic groupings, capturing, or any of the 'higher level' regex functions.
glob does not support 'shortkey' meta-characters like \w or \d.

Those of you with PHP 5 don't have to come up with these wild functions to scan a directory recursively: the SPL can do it.

Not to mention the fact that $file will be an SplFileInfo class, so you can do powerful stuff really easily:

\Luna\luna.msstyles: 4190352 B; modified 2008-04-13
\Luna\Shell\Homestead\shellstyle.dll: 362496 B; modified 2006-02-28
\Luna\Shell\Metallic\shellstyle.dll: 362496 B; modified 2006-02-28
\Luna\Shell\NormalColor\shellstyle.dll: 361472 B; modified 2006-02-28
\Luna.theme: 1222 B; modified 2006-02-28
\Windows Classic.theme: 3025 B; modified 2006-02-28
Total file size: 5281063 bytes

Please note that glob('*') ignores all 'hidden' files by default. This means it does not return files that start with a dot (e.g. ".file").
If you want to match those files too, you can use "{,.}*" as the pattern with the GLOB_BRACE flag.

Note: This also returns the directory special entries . and ..

glob is case sensitive, even on Windows systems.
It does support character classes though, so a case insensitive version of

could be written as 

glob() isn't limited to one directory:

Just be careful when using GLOB_BRACE regarding spaces around the comma:
{includes/*.php,core/*.php} works as expected, but
{includes/*.php, core/*.php} with a leading space, will only match the former as expected but not the latter
unless you have a directory named " core" on your machine with a leading space.
PHP can create such directories quite easily like so:
mkdir(" core");

glob() (array_sum() and array_map() in fact too) can be very useful if you want to calculate the sum of all the files' sizes located in a directory:

Unfortunately there's no way to do this recursively, using glob() (as far as I know).

Note that in case you are using braces with glob you might retrieve duplicated entries for files that matche more than one item :

Result : 
Array
(
  [0] => /path/file_foo.dat
  [1] => /path/file_foobar.dat
  [2] => /path/file_foobar.dat
)

As a follow up to recursively determining all paths (by viajy at yoyo dot org) and opendir being faster than glob (by Sam Yong - hellclanner at live [dot] com).
The list all dirs code didn't seem to work, at least on my server (provided by parazuce [at] gmail [dot] com).
I needed a function to create an unlimited multidimensional array, with the names of the folders/files intact (no realpath's, although that is easily possible). This is so I can simply loop through the array, create an expandable link on the folder name, with all the files inside it.
This is the correct way to recurse I believe (no static, return small arrays to build up the multidimensional array), and includes a check for files/folders beginning with dots.
// may need modifications
function list_files($path)
{
  $files = array();
  
  if(is_dir($path))
  {
    if($handle = opendir($path))
    {
      while(($name = readdir($handle)) !== false)
      {
        if(!preg_match("#^\.#", $name))
        if(is_dir($path . "/" . $name))
        {
          $files[$name] = list_files($path . "/" . $name);
        }
        else
        {
          $files[] = $name;
        }
      }
      
      closedir($handle);
    }
  }
  return $files;
}
print_r(list_files("/path/to/folder"));
// example usage
function list_html($list)
{
  $html = "";
  
  foreach($list as $folder => $file)
  {
    if(is_array($list[$folder]))
    {
      $html .= "> (folder) " . $folder . "
";
      $html .= list_html($list[$folder]);
    }
    else 
    {
      $html .= " (file) " . $file . "
";
    }
  }
  
  return $html;
}
echo list_html(list_files("/path/to/folder"));

Don't use glob() if you try to list files in a directory where very much files are stored (>100.000). You get an "Allowed memory size of XYZ bytes exhausted ..." error.
You may try to increase the memory_limit variable in php.ini. Mine has 128MB set and the script will still reach this limit while glob()ing over 500.000 files.
The more stable way is to use readdir() on very large numbers of files: 

You can use multiple asterisks with the glob() - function.
Example:

$paths will contains paths as following examples:
- my/1/dir/xyz.php
- my/bar/dir/bar.php
- my/bar/dir/foo.php

I lost hours looking for the solution for this problem.
glob() wasn't eating up my directory names (stuff like "foobar[]"), and I searched online for some hours, I tried preg_quote to no avail.
I finally found the proper way to escape stuff in glob() in an obscure Python mailing list:

If you want to add a directory path before your pattern, you should do it like this:

preg_quote WILL NOT work in all cases (if any).

First off, it's nice to see all of the different takes on this. Thanks for all of the great examples. 
Fascinated by the foreach usage I was curious how it might work with a for loop. I found that glob was well suited for this, especially compared to opendir. The for loop is always efficient when you want to protect against a potential endless loop. 
$dir=$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."/test/directory_listing/test";
  echo $dir;
  $filesArray=glob($dir."/*.*");  
  
  $line.="
";
  $line.=print_r($filesArray, true);
  $line.="
";
  $line.="
";
  
  for($i=0;$i

In some systems (AIX for example) GLOB_BRACE isn't defined and you get the error:
glob() expects parameter 2 to be long, string given in /XX/XX.php

The method may help you in this case. 

A simple function that find all files by extension an return it by an array. 

A function to quickly remove a directory (works in seconds for a hundred thousand files) 

alan at ridersite dot org 18-Mar-2007 03:26 -- Stated '*.*' is the same as '*' -- This is not true as * alone will return directories too and *.* will only return files with an extension such as .pdf or .doc or .php.

Maybe all of you still know this, but it seems that if the directory contains some unresolved symlink, glob() simply ignore those files.

Something I used to sort dir & subdir into array (multidimensional) reflecting dir structure.
  function getRecursiveFolderList($curDir,$currentA=false) 
   {          
    $dirs = glob($curDir . '/*', GLOB_ONLYDIR);   
    
    $cur = 0;
    foreach($dirs as $dir)
     {
      $currentA[$cur]['path'] = $dir;
      $currentA[$cur] = $this->getRecursiveFolderList($dir,$currentA[$cur]);
        
      ++$cur;
     }
    return $currentA;
   }

Here is simple function that will find and remove all files (except "." ones) that match the expression ($match, "*" as wildcard) under starting directory ($path) and all other directories under it.
function rfr($path,$match){
  static $deld = 0, $dsize = 0;
  $dirs = glob($path."*");
  $files = glob($path.$match);
  foreach($files as $file){
   if(is_file($file)){
     $dsize += filesize($file);
     unlink($file);
     $deld++;
   }
  }
  foreach($dirs as $dir){
   if(is_dir($dir)){
     $dir = basename($dir) . "/";
     rfr($path.$dir,$match);
   }
  }
  return "$deld files deleted with a total size of $dsize bytes";
}

Use this to exclude hidden files on MS Windows. 

Recursive glob for PHP>=5.5
function globRecursive($path, $find) {
  $dh = opendir($path);
  while (($file = readdir($dh)) !== false) {
    if (substr($file, 0, 1) == '.') continue;
    $rfile = "{$path}/{$file}";
    if (is_dir($rfile)) {
      foreach (globRecursive($rfile, $find) as $ret) {
        yield $ret;
      }
    } else {
      if (fnmatch($find, $file)) yield $rfile;
    }
  }
  closedir($dh);
}

You can do a recursive file search with yield. 

The example on this page will generate a warning if the glob function does not find any filenames that match the pattern.
The glob function result will only be an array if it finds some files and the foreach statement requires its argument to be an array.
By checking for the possibility that the result of the glob function may not be an array you can eliminate the warning.
Here's a better example: 

For those who need to recursively search a directory tree and cannot or wish not to call a function within itself here is another suggestion.
I tried the previously suggested listdirs_safe() and it didn't seem to find all subfolders in a directory tree.
There are two variations on the same theme.
Single Array.

Multiple arrays.

This will result in the glob looping via "dir/*/*/*/*.." until it is no longer finding a directory structure.

in the example below, i found i got an error if the directory was empty.

I think its because glob()'ing an empty directory returns false, and so calling foreach (false as $value) will obviously break.
to fix this, i did the following:

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