化学——关于原子团名称的问题

根据同一无素在不同酸根中的化合价高低来排序，最高的叫高，其次叫（不用加正常写就行），再次叫亚，再次的叫次，高氯酸根为ClO4，氯酸根为ClO3，亚氯酸根为ClO2，次氯酸根为ClO。不够多种的，就把高去了，H3PO4叫磷酸,H3PO3叫亚磷酸,H3PO2叫次磷酸，就三种。

酸性由大到小：

高氯酸，氢碘酸，硫酸，氢溴酸，盐酸，硝酸，碘酸（以上为强酸，了解即可，大学涉及强弱排序），草酸（乙二酸），亚硫酸，磷酸，丙酮酸，亚硝酸（以上五种为中强酸），柠檬酸，氢氟酸，苹果酸，葡萄糖酸，甲酸，乳酸，苯甲酸，丙烯酸，乙酸，丙酸，硬脂酸，碳酸，氢硫酸，次氯酸，硼酸，硅酸,苯酚（其余为弱酸或极弱酸）！

碱：氢氧化铯，氢氧化铷，氢氧化钾，氢氧化钡，氢氧化钠，氢氧化锂，氢氧化钙，氨水

还原性：

对于金属：K > Ba > Ca > Na > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Sn > Pb > H > Cu > Hg > Ag > Pt > Au

对于离子：S2- > SO3^2- > I- > Fe2+ > Br- > Cl-

氧化性：

对于金属离子：Ag+ > Hg2+ > Cu2+ > H+ > Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+ > Al3+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > Ca2+ > Ba2+ > K+

Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Fe2+

对于氧化剂：F2 > KMnO4 > ClO2 > Cl2 > H2O2 > Br2 > I2 > S

溶解度表（都是难溶盐）

依次为：英文名，化学式，温度，溶解常数，最后的字母是资料来源。

Aluminium Hydroxide anhydrous Al(OH)3 20°C 1.9×10–33 L

Aluminium Hydroxide anhydrous Al(OH)3 25°C 3×10–34 w1

Aluminium Hydroxide trihydrate Al(OH)3 20°C 4×10–13 C

Aluminium Hydroxide trihydrate Al(OH)3 25°C 3.7×10–13 C

Aluminium Phosphate AlPO4 25°C 9.84×10–21 w1

Barium Bromate Ba(BrO3)2 25°C 2.43×10–4 w1

Barium Carbonate BaCO3 16°C 7×10–9 C, L

Barium Carbonate BaCO3 25°C 8.1×10–9 C, L

Barium Chromate BaCrO4 28°C 2.4×10–10 C, L

Barium Fluoride BaF2 25.8°C 1.73×10–6 C, L

Barium Iodate dihydrate Ba(IO3)2 25°C 6.5×10–10 C, L

Barium Oxalate dihydrate BaC2O4 18°C 1.2×10–7 C, L

Barium Sulfate BaSO4 18°C 0.87×10–10 C, L

Barium Sulfate BaSO4 25°C 1.08×10–10 C, L

Barium Sulfate BaSO4 50°C 1.98×10–10 C, L

Beryllium Hydroxide Be(OH)2 25°C 6.92×10–22 w1

Cadmium Carbonate CdCO3 25°C 1.0×10–12 w1

Cadmium Hydroxide Cd(OH)2 25°C 7.2×10–15 w1

Cadmium Oxalate trihydrate CdC2O4 18°C 1.53×10–8 C, L

Cadmium Phosphate Cd3(PO4)2 25°C 2.53×10–33 w1

Cadmium Sulfide CdS 18°C 3.6×10–29 C, L

Calcium Carbonate calcite CaCO3 15°C 0.99×10–8 C, L

Calcium Carbonate calcite CaCO3 25°C 0.87×10–8 C, L

Calcium Carbonate calcite CaCO3 18-25°C 4.8×10–9 P

Calcium Chromate CaCrO4 18°C 2.3×10–2 L

Calcium Fluoride CaF2 18°C 3.4×10–11 C, L

Calcium Fluoride CaF2 25°C 3.95×10–11 C, L

Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 18°C-25°C 8×10–6 P

Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 25°C 5.02×10–6 w1

Calcium Iodate hexahydrate Ca(IO3)2 18°C 6.44×10–7 L

Calcium Oxalate monohydrate CaC2O4 18°C 1.78×10–9 C, L

Calcium Oxalate monohydrate CaC2O4 25°C 2.57×10–9 C, L

Calcium Phosphate tribasic Ca3(PO4)2 25°C 2.07×10–33 w1

Calcium Sulfate CaSO4 10°C 6.1×10–5 C, L

Calcium Sulfate CaSO4 25°C 4.93×10–5 w1

Calcium Tartrate dihydrate CaC4H4O6 18°C 7.7×10–7 C, L

Chromium Hydroxide II Cr(OH)2 25°C 2×10–16 w2

Chromium Hydroxide III Cr(OH)3 25°C 6.3×10–31 w2

Cobalt Hydroxide II Co(OH)2 25°C 1.6×10–15 w2

Cobalt Sulfide (less soluble form) CoS 18°C 3×10–26 C, L

Cobalt Sulfide (more soluble form) CoS 18°C-25°C 10–21 P

Cupric Carbonate CuCO3 25°C 1×10–10 P

Cupric Hydroxide Cu(OH)2 18°C-25°C 6×10–20 P

Cupric Hydroxide Cu(OH)2 25°C 4.8×10–20 w1

Cupric Iodate Cu(IO3)2 25°C 1.4×10–7 C, L

Cupric Oxalate CuC2O4 25°C 2.87×10–8 C, L

Cupric Sulfide CuS 18°C 8.5×10–45 C, L

Cuprous Bromide CuBr 18°C-20°C 4.15×10–8 C

Cuprous Chloride CuCl 18°C-20°C 1.02×10–6 C

Cuprous Hydroxide

(in equilib. with Cu2O + H2O) Cu(OH) 25°C 2×10–15 w1

Cuprous Iodide CuI 18°C-20°C 5.06×10–12 C

Cuprous Sulfide Cu2S 16°C-18°C 2×10–47 C, L

Cuprous Thiocyanate CuSCN 18°C 1.64×10–11 C, L

Ferric Hydroxide Fe(OH)3 18°C 1.1×10–36 C, L

Ferrous Carbonate FeCO3 18°C-25°C 2×10–11 P

Ferrous Hydroxide Fe(OH)2 18°C 1.64×10–14 C, L

Ferrous Hydroxide Fe(OH)2 25°C 1×10–15; 8.0×10–16 P; w2

Ferrous Oxalate FeC2O4 25°C 2.1×10–7 C, L

Ferrous Sulfide FeS 18°C 3.7×10–19 C, L

Lead Bromide PbBr2 25°C 6.3×10–6; 6.60×10–6 P; w1

Lead Carbonate PbCO3 18°C 3.3×10–14 C, L

Lead Chromate PbCrO4 18°C 1.77×10–14 C, L

Lead Chloride PbCl2 25.2°C 1.0×10–4 L

Lead Chloride PbCl2 18°C-25°C 1.7×10–5 P

Lead Fluoride PbF2 18°C 3.2×10–8 C, L

Lead Fluoride PbF2 26.6°C 3.7×10–8 C, L

Lead Hydroxide Pb(OH)2 25°C 1×10–16; 1.43×10–20 P; w1

Lead Iodate Pb(IO3)2 18°C 1.2×10–13 C, L

Lead Iodate Pb(IO3)2 25.8°C 2.6×10–13 C, L

Lead Iodide PbI2 15°C 7.47×10–9 C

Lead Iodide PbI2 25°C 1.39×10–8 C

Lead Oxalate PbC2O4 18°C 2.74×10–11 C, L

Lead Sulfate PbSO4 18°C 1.06×10–8 C, L

Lead Sulfide PbS 18°C 3.4×10–28 C, L

Lithium Carbonate Li2CO3 25°C 1.7×10–3 C, L

Lithium Fluoride LiF 25°C 1.84×10–3 w1

Lithium Phosphate tribasic Li3PO4 25° 2.37×10–4 w1

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate MgNH4PO4 25°C 2.5×10–13 C, L

Magnesium Carbonate MgCO3 12°C 2.6×10–5 C, L

Magnesium Fluoride MgF2 18°C 7.1×10–9 C, L

Magnesium Fluoride MgF2 25°C 6.4×10–9 C, L

Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 18°C 1.2×10–11 C, L

Magnesium Oxalate MgC2O4 18°C 8.57×10–5 C, L

Manganese Carbonate MnCO3 18°C-25°C 9×10–11 P

Manganese Hydroxide Mn(OH)2 18°C 4×10–14 C, L

Manganese Sulfide (pink) MnS 18°C 1.4×10–15 C, L

Manganese Sulfide (green) MnS 25°C 10–22 P

Mercuric Bromide HgBr2 25°C 8×10–20 L

Mercuric Chloride HgCl2 25°C 2.6×10–15 L

Mercuric Hydroxide

(equilib. with HgO + H2O) Hg(OH)2 25°C 3.6×10–26 w1

Mercuric Iodide HgI2 25°C 3.2×10–29 L

Mercuric Sulfide HgS 18°C 4×10–53 to 2×10–49 C, L

Mercurous Bromide HgBr 25°C 1.3×10–21 C, L

Mercurous Chloride Hg2Cl2 25°C 2×10–18 C, L

Mercurous Iodide HgI 25°C 1.2×10–28 C, L

Mercurous Sulfate Hg2SO4 25°C 6×10–7; 6.5×10–7 P; w1

Nickel Hydroxide Ni(OH)2 25°C 5.48×10–16 w1

Nickel Sulfide NiS 18°C 1.4×10–24 C, L

Nickel Sulfide (less soluble form) NiS 18°C-25°C 10–27 P

Nickel Sulfide (more soluble form) NiS 18°C-25°C 10–21 P

Potassium Acid Tartrate KHC4H4O6 18°C 3.8×10–4 C, L

Potassium Perchlorate KClO4 25°C 1.05×10–2 w1

Potassium Periodate KIO4 25° 3.71×10–4 w1

Silver Acetate AgC2H3O2 16°C 1.82×10–3 L

Silver Bromate AgBrO3 20°C 3.97×10–5 C, L

Silver Bromate AgBrO3 25°C 5.77×10–5 C, L

Silver Bromide AgBr 18°C 4.1×10–13 C, L

Silver Bromide AgBr 25°C 7.7×10–13 C, L

Silver Carbonate Ag2CO3 25°C 6.15×10–12 C, L

Silver Chloride AgCl 4.7°C 0.21×10–10 C, L

Silver Chloride AgCl 9.7°C 0.37×10–10 L

Silver Chloride AgCl 25°C 1.56×10–10 C, L

Silver Chloride AgCl 50°C 13.2×10–10 C, L

Silver Chloride AgCl 100°C 21.5×10–10 C, L

Silver Chromate Ag2CrO4 14.8°C 1.2×10–12 C, L

Silver Chromate Ag2CrO4 25°C 9×10–12 C, L

Silver Cyanide Ag2(CN)2 20°C 2.2×10–12 C, L

Silver Dichromate Ag2Cr2O7 25°C 2×10–7 L

Silver Hydroxide AgOH 20°C 1.52×10–8 C, L

Silver Iodate AgIO3 9.4°C 0.92×10–8 C, L

Silver Iodide AgI 13°C 0.32×10–16 C, L

Silver Iodide AgI 25°C 1.5×10–16 C, L

Silver Nitrite AgNO2 25°C 5.86×10–4 L

Silver Oxalate Ag2C2O4 25°C 1.3×10–11 L

Silver Sulfate Ag2SO4 18°C-25°C 1.2×10–5 P

Silver Sulfide Ag2S 18°C 1.6×10–49 C, L

Silver Thiocyanate AgSCN 18°C 0.49×10–12 C, L

Silver Thiocyanate AgSCN 25°C 1.16×10–12 C, L

Strontium Carbonate SrCO3 25°C 1.6×10–9 C, L

Strontium Chromate SrCrO4 18°C-25°C 3.6×10–5 P

Strontium Fluoride SrF2 18°C 2.8×10–9 C, L

Strontium Oxalate SrC2O4 18°C 5.61×10–8 C, L

Strontium Sulfate SrSO4 2.9°C 2.77×10–7 C, L

Strontium Sulfate SrSO4 17.4°C 2.81×10–7 C, L

Thallous Bromide TlBr 25°C 4×10–6 L

Thallous Chloride TlCl 25°C 2.65×10–4 L

Thallous Sulfate Tl2SO4 25°C 3.6×10–4 L

Thallous Thiocyanate TlSCN 25°C; 2.25×10–4 L

Tin Hydroxide Sn(OH)2 18°C-25°C 1×10–26 P

Tin Hydroxide Sn(OH)2 25°C 5.45×10–27; 1.4×10–28 w1; w2

Tin(II) Sulfide SnS 25°C 10–28 P

Zinc Hydroxide Zn(OH)2 18°C-20°C 1.8×10–14 C, L

Zinc Oxalate dihydrate ZnC2O4 18°C 1.35×10–9 C, L

Zinc Sulfide ZnS 18°C 1.2×10–23 C, L

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