野外探险需准备什么英语作文80词汇

How to Prepare for a Backpacking Trip Into the Wilderness

Backpacking in the wilderness can be a wonderful adventure, a lesson in suffering, or just plain fun. But by taking a little care, some careful planning, and with guided experience, it can be a thrilling pastime.

Ad

Steps

1

Learn the basic camping skills. Just reading about camping skills is not enough. To learn about other people's experiences and opinions, ask from a knowledgeable outdoorsman or outdoorswoman. If you are new to backpacking trips, consider joining a backpacking group or tour and ask for help. You might want to learn these things below just in case something goes wrong.

Ad

How to start a fire

How to send a smoke signal

How to set up a tent

How to use a compass

2

Apply for permits or reservations. Some popular hiking destinations require permits to use certain areas. You may need a fishing license to go trout fishing. If you fail to make a reservation for the hut at trail's end, you'll be out of luck.

3

Learn to read maps and use a compass and GPS properly. Buy a good compass and a map of the area in which you intend to immerse yourself, and study the terrain carefully before you set out, so that you have some idea of what awaits you. Get in the habit as you hike of looking around and checking your map so you always know where you are. Keep track of landmarks and trailside scenery and make notes as you go on the map. Put the map into a clear plastic bag and seal it if it is not already waterproof. This might mean that you have to cut the map up and seal each section into a separate bag, but it keeps it clean and dry. The Silva brand of compasses are normally accompanied by a pamphlet with detailed instructions.

4

Learn about your area and where you are coming to. This is extremely important if you are going someplace very different from your own locality. Research what sort of weather to expect, what types of creatures (i.e. bears) and vegetation that you are likely to encounter, terrain, and possible dangers. A guidebook can be useful, if it is high-quality. Ask a local guide what to look for, if possible. While part of the adventure is facing the unknown, people can get themselves seriously endangered, die, or just have no fun whatsoever when they fail to plan.

5

Tell someone your itinerary. Before leaving for the hike, be sure a trusted person will be alerted to your trip. If a disaster befalls you, and you don't come back on time, he or she can alert the authorities, give information on your intended whereabouts, and so on.

6

Pick your traveling companions. Problems can arise if there's a bad match of hikers. If you have little experience, find hikers who can help guide you. Make sure you like each other. Choose fellow hikers who have a similar or better physical fitness level. It can help if you have similar interests in the hike--wanting to identify local birds, or take wildlife photography, rock-climb, and so on. Don't randomly join hikes with people you do not know or who do not seem to understand what they are getting into; they can be a liability later.

7

Dress for the environment and the weather. Temperatures and weather can vary wildly; be prepared for a range of conditions. Learn to dress warmly for coldtemperatures or protect yourself from heat.

8

Pack your backpack sensibly. Choose items for slim profile. Things you will need easy access to should be on outer pockets. Place heavy stuff in the bottom compartment and the lighter on top. Compress items that can be squished with plastic bags, folding, or whatever will help make it smaller. This is a fine skill and each person's pack is different.

9

Get used to your pack. Two days into the back-country is notthe time to find out you aren't able to carry your own pack. Carry it around fully loaded for a few hours every day. Take walks whenever possible with it. If your backpack is too heavy and unwieldy in the middle of civilization, it will to be impossible to carry in the wilderness. Do not try to carry more than 30% of your own body weight on your back-and even that might be too much.

10

Consider where the water source will be. Don't assume you can drink the water unless told by an expert-a crystal clear mountain stream can be swimming with illness-causing bacteria. Water may not be potable, or essentially inaccessible. In a dry or hot season, springs, rivers, and streams may dry up. In some dry areas, like deserts, you may have to bring in all of your water. Remember that water is 8 1/3 pounds a gallon. You might want to use a water purifier.

11

Purify your water. Usually, water from a questionable source is cleaned either with a pump or with chemicals such as iodine or chlorine dioxide, both of which can be bought from a camping store or on-line. These chemicals can sometimes double as a disinfectant for wounds, insect bites and scratches.

12

Bring your first aid kit. What you will need to bring will depend on where you are hiking, when, and how long you'll be out. But a basic kit will contain:

Bandages, both gauze and ACE bandages(for sprains and strains)

Sunscreen

Pain-killers (ibuprofen, etc.)

Tweezers

Anti-bacterial cream

Diarrhea relief

Adhesive bandages

Foot care items: athletic tape, blister bandages, "moleskin" patches, etc.

Anything else you tend to need: asthma inhaler, for instance.

13

Consider lighting. Always bring a headlamp or flashlight with extra batteries and bulb (if applicable). There are wind-up or pump lights that do not require batteries but they do not always provide as much light. You may want a lightweight lantern or LED light for ambient light.

14

Travel with a friend. Even if you're experienced, it's far safer to travel in pairs or a group. Be sure at least one outdoorsman or outdoorswoman in your group has the experience, skills, and intelligence to keep everyone safe.

15

Know your tents. For backpacking, you need shelter that is proper for the terrain and season, lightweight but strong, and relatively easy to manage. "Pop-up" tents are very popular for the beginner, although be sure to select the tent that will fit your needs.Be sure to assemble your tent before heading to the wilderness, to know how to set it, inspect for damage, and replace any missing parts. Always have a repair kit. Avoid packing wet tents if you can. If you can't, don't forget to dry them out later.

16

Prepare your sleeping gear. A sleeping bag is the typical way to keep warm at night. Be sure yours is rated in the recommended temperature range of your wilderness area, as you don't want to be too hot or cold. Buy a compression bag to help reduce bulk. You may want to buy a sleeping bag liner to keep your bag in its best shape. You also will likely want a sleeping pad, either blow-up or self-inflating. All of these items will be among your heaviest, bulkiest items, so choose wisely. A zero-degree bag should not weigh more than 3 pounds if you shop carefully. A sleeping pad should not weigh more than 2 pounds. Added together and on your back, that's still a heavy 5 pounds. Try find gear well below these weights.

17

Pay attention to your footwear. A foot injury will turn a wilderness journey into a crisis in moments. Choose supportive, rugged footwear appropriate to the terrain. Hiking boots are the usual best choice, with hiking shoes or sandals also possible good choices. 'Always break in your footwear before your backpacking trip.': a simple blister can cause big difficulties. Socks are important too: be sure they cushion sufficiently and bring enough to rotate to avoid infections. If you get a "hot spot," (starts to hurt a little), stop and deal with it right away. You might avoid a big problem later.

18

Consider your food. Backpacking in the wilderness requires lightweight, shelf-stable, high-calorie food. Avoid food that needs refrigeration or is fragile. Most outdoor stores, catalogs, and websites offer freeze-dried, or ready-to-eat meals that are easy to heat. American-style MRE's (military rations) are available in a commercial version. You can also find foods at the grocery store that are in camping-friendly form. In addition to snacks, two or three meals a day, be sure you bring a bit more than you think you'll need. In bear country, you will need to have a bear-resistant container and secure it properly.

19

Get cooking. What will you use for heating food and beverages? (If you are.)Some areas permit campfires or have grills on-site. However, some locations will not allow open fires, or there will not be enough wood. A lightweight camping stove will be useful, and is faster to cook with, especially in bad weather. Remember you will need cooking implements, vessels, and something to eat and drink with. Ultra-light setups usually focus on boiling water for freeze-dried meals; more elaborate cooking (frying, simmering, mixing multiple items for one dish) calls for less specialized (and usually heavier) cookware. Your stove and cookware should not weigh more than 2 pounds. For example, an ultralight stove = 3-6 oz, ultralight pot = 6 oz. The latest models tend to use a lot less fuel, which will also save you weight (once you know how much fuel you need... this varies according to the menu and altitude/outside temperatures)

20

Use fire wisely. Campfires can be life-saving, as well as a great comfort. But they are also a leading cause of injury at campsites. Be sure that you understand basic campfire-making and safety.

Have two methods for creating fire, such as waterproof matches and a lighter.

If there is a designated area, use it.

Always have the means to extinguish a fire immediately if it gets out of control.

Never leave a fire smoldering.

If open fires are not allowed, respect that rule.

Do not burn plastic.

Never pitch your tent close to the campfire--tents are flammable and meltable!

21

Get the sanitation in order. You will need to be able to wash any cookware and your hands prior to cooking. You will also need plastic bags (preferably zip-top) for any waste that needs to be packed out, such as wrappers or dog doo-doo.

食物

sausage 香肠

black pudding, blood sausage 血肠

cold meats 冷盘 (美作:cold cuts)

chicken 鸡

turkey 火鸡

duck 鸭

fish 鱼

vegetables 蔬菜

dried legumes 干菜

chips 炸薯条,炸土豆片 (美作:French fries)

mashed potatoes 马铃薯泥

pasta 面条

noodles 面条,挂面

macaroni 通心粉

consomme 肉煮的清汤

broth 肉汤

milk 奶

cheese 奶酪

butter 奶油

bread 面包

slice of bread 面包片

crust 面包皮

crumb 面包心

egg 蛋

boiled eggs, soft-boiled eggs 水煮蛋

hard-boiled eggs 煮硬了的蛋

fried eggs 煎蛋

poached eggs 荷包蛋

scrambled eggs 炒鸡蛋,摊鸡蛋

omelet 煎蛋卷

pastry 糕点

sponge cake 奶油鸡蛋,蜂糕

tart 果焰糕点

biscuits (英)饼干,(美)小面包

persimmon 柿子

walnut 胡桃

apple 苹果

pear 梨

apricot 杏

peach 桃

grape 葡萄

banana 香蕉

pineapple 菠萝

plum 李子

watermelon 西瓜

orange 橙

lemon 柠檬

mango 芒果

strawberry 草莓

medlar 枇杷,欧查果

mulberry 桑椹

nectarine 油桃

cherry 樱桃

pomegranate 石榴

fig 无花果

tangerine 柑子

persimmon 柿子

walnut 胡桃

hazelnut 榛子

peanut 花生

date 枣

chestnut 粟

currant 醋粟

coconut, cocoanut 可可

bilberry 越桔

blackberry, blueberry 黑莓

avocado 鳄梨

black currant 红醋栗

blood orange 红橙

citron, grapefruit 香橼

damson 大马士革李

almond 巴旦杏

nutmeg 肉豆蔻

papaya, papaw 番木瓜

guava 番石榴

pistachio 阿月浑子

prickly pear 仙人掌果

raspberry 覆盆子

soursop 刺果番荔枝

meat 肉

beef 牛肉

veal 小牛肉

lamb 羊肉

sirloin 牛脊肉

steak 牛排

chop 连骨肉,排骨

cutlet 肉条

stew 炖肉

roast 烤肉

pork 猪肉

ham 火腿

bacon 咸肉

sausage 香肠

black pudding, blood sausage 血肠

cold meats 冷盘 (美作:cold cuts)

chicken 鸡

turkey 火鸡

duck 鸭

fish 鱼

vegetables 蔬菜

dried legumes 干菜

chips 炸薯条,炸土豆片 (美作:French fries)

mashed potatoes 马铃薯泥

pasta 面条

noodles 面条,挂面

macaroni 通心粉

consomme 肉煮的清汤

broth 肉汤

milk 奶

cheese 奶酪

butter 奶油

bread 面包

slice of bread 面包片

crust 面包皮

crumb 面包心

egg 蛋

boiled eggs, soft-boiled eggs 水煮蛋

hard-boiled eggs 煮硬了的蛋

fried eggs 煎蛋

poached eggs 荷包蛋

scrambled eggs 炒鸡蛋,摊鸡蛋

omelet 煎蛋卷

pastry 糕点

sponge cake 奶油鸡蛋,蜂糕

tart 果焰糕点

biscuits (英)饼干,(美)小面包

fruit 水果

ice cream 冰淇淋

compote 蜜饯

jam, preserves 果酱

marmalade 桔子酱

spices 调料

salt 盐

vinegar 醋

sauce 酱油

oil 油

salad oil 色拉油

pepper 辣椒

mustard 芥末

clove 丁香

hazelnut 榛子

peanut 花生

date 枣

chestnut 粟

currant 醋粟

coconut, cocoanut 可可

bilberry 越桔

blackberry, blueberry 黑莓

avocado 鳄梨

black currant 红醋栗

blood orange 红橙

citron, grapefruit 香橼

damson 大马士革李

almond 巴旦杏

nutmeg 肉豆蔻

papaya, papaw 番木瓜

guava 番石榴

pistachio 阿月浑子

prickly pear 仙人果

raspberry 覆盆子

soursop 刺果番荔枝

生活用品

refrigerator 冰箱

automatic rice cooker 电饭锅

steamer 蒸锅

oven 烤箱

grill 烧烤架

toaster 烤面包机

egg beater 打蛋器

ice crusher 刨冰机

food processor 食品加工机

paper towel 纸巾

apron 围裙

tableware 餐具

plate 盘子

dish 碟子

bowl 碗

cupboard 碗橱

dining table 餐桌

larder 食品柜

drop-leaf table 可以折叠边缘的桌子

chopping board 案板

cutlery tray 装餐具的容器

dish drainer 晾干餐具的容器（类似铁丝筐）

table cloth 桌布

laundry bag 洗衣袋

pail 洗衣桶

ironing board 烫衣板

steam and dry iron 蒸汽电熨斗

electric iron 电熨斗

laundry drier 烘干机

spin-drier 旋转式脱水机

washing machine 洗衣机

radiator 暖气片

electric fan 电扇

stand fan 落地电扇

oscillating fan 摇头电扇

bed light/bed lamp 床头灯

fluorescent lamp 日光灯

ceiling lamp/pendant lamp 吊灯

desk/table lamp 台灯

wall light 壁灯

floor lamp 落地灯

chandelier 枝状吊灯

water gauge 水表

plug 插头

outlet/receptacle 插座

paste 浆糊

glue 胶水

adhesive tape 胶条

packing paper 包装纸

watering can 浇水壶

blanket 毛毯

cushion 垫子

quilt 被子

cotton terry blanket 毛巾被

feather quilt 羽绒被

cotton quilt 棉被

bedding 床上用品

mosquito net 蚊帐

pillow 枕头

bolster 长枕

pillow case 枕套

tick 褥子

carpet 地毯 （一般指大的整块的，铺房间的那种）

rug 地毯（一般指小块的，放在沙发等边上的那种）

bedspread 床罩

sheet 床单

mat 席子

mattress 床垫 （厚的那种）

mattress pad 床垫 (薄的那种)

bed canopy 支在床上的篷子 （一般用于儿童床上的装饰）

bedside table 床头柜

bathtub 浴缸

hand shower 手握式淋浴器

shower nozzle 喷头

tap faucet 水龙头

plastic curtain 防水浴帘

shower cap 浴帽

bath slipper 洗澡用拖鞋

bath mat 防滑垫

towel hanger/holder 毛巾架

towel ring 毛巾环

bath towel 浴巾

soap stand 肥皂盒

comb 梳子

soap 肥皂

shampoo 洗发露

conditioner 护发素

dryer 吹风机

razor 刮胡刀

toothpaste 牙膏

toothbrush 牙刷

raincoat雨衣

curtain 窗帘

rug 地毯

学习用品

尺子 rule

圆珠笔 ball point pen

计算器 calculator

圆规 compasses

三角板 set square

量角器 protractor

复读机 repeater

钢笔 pen

文具盒 writing case

橡皮擦 eraser

教科书 textbook

练习册 exercise book铅笔 pencil

铅笔盒pencil case

耳机earphone

参考书 reference book

字典；词典 dictionary

文件夹 paper file；folder

卷笔刀 pencil sharpener

墨水 ink

这些应该够了吧

鹏仔微信 15129739599 鹏仔QQ344225443 鹏仔前端 pjxi.com 共享博客 sharedbk.com