连系动词be、助动词be、系动词be有啥区别吗?
联系动词 就是系动词
1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。构成时态,语态是助动词
助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,它没有对应的汉译,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
be动词的用法
be
[bi:]
vi
现在时 I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are (缩略式 I'm, you're, he's, we're, you're, they're), (否定缩略式 I'm not, isn't, aren't), 过去时 I was, you were, he was, we were, you were, they were (过去时否定缩略式 wasn't, weren't), 过去分词 been, 现在分词 being
英语的“be”是个特别动词;有些语言,如中文和马来文,并没有“be”这样的动词。
“Be”除了原形的“be”之外,还有另外七种形式:am, is, are, been, being, was, were.
在句子中,“be”可以是主动词(The Principal Verb)或助动词(The Auxiliary Verb).
当主动词时,“be”在性质上属于接系动词(The Linking Verb), 后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语(The Complement)。例如:
1. The man is a science teacher.
2. Mary's new dresses are colourful.
3. I have been there before.
4. Mother is in the kitchen now.
这四个都是陈述句,可以变成疑问句,方法简单,把主语和“be”或助动词对换位置即可:
5. Is the man a science teacher?
6. Are Mary's new dresses colourful?
7. Have I been there before?
8. Is mother in the kitchen now?
当“be”要在祈使句中出现时,它必须借重助动词“do”或“don't”之助,如:
9. Don't be silly!
10. Do be obedient!
11. Don't be a fool!
“Be”有两种缩写法,如下:
12. He's not...../He isn't....
13. You're not...../You aren't...
但“am + not”的缩写法只有一个:
14. I'm not.
有人用“ain't”, 但这并不是标准英语。
谈过了“be”作主动词的功能,现在看看“be”作助动词时,有些什么用法:
1.“Be + 现在分词”以组成进行式时态(Continuous Tenses),如:
15. Tony's maid is washing his new car.
16. The children are playing in the field.
17. Samuel was eating when I came in.
18. We have been living here since 1959.
2.“Be + 过去分词”以组成被动语态(The Passive Voice),如:
19. Her money in the drawer was stolen.
20. A number of good jobs are taken up byforeigners.
21. David studied in Taiwan but has been trained as a language lecturer in America.
22. Can all the wonderful birds be found in our Bird Park?
23. The disobedient boy was told to stand out- side the classroom.
24. Steps are being taken to reduce traffic con- gestion during peak hours.
25. Dishonest students will be immediately dealt with.
be和do的区别为意思不同、用法不同、侧重点不同,用法如下:
一、意思不同
1、be:有,存在。
2、do:做,行动,表现。
二、用法不同
1、be:be用作助动词时可与动词的现在分词连用,构成进行时态,也可与及物动词的过去分词连用,构成被动结构。be还可与名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的现在分词及过去分词、动词不定式或名词性从句连用,以提供名称或信息。
2、do:do用来构成一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问或否定式,其后要跟原形动词。在问句中,do在语法上是需要的,但习惯上可以省略(有时含主语),特别在口语中。do用作不及物动词时基本意思是“做,行动”,引申可表示“发生”“进行”,也可表示生活、工作等方面。
三、侧重点不同
1、be:be用来与过去分词连用构成被动语态,与现在分词连用构成进行时,用于反意疑问句。构成进行时和被动语态。
2、do:do用于实义动词前构成否定句和疑问句,构成附加疑问句,代替实义动词以避免重复。
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