百科狗-知识改变命运!
--

宾语和定语的区别和用法

小肉包1年前 (2023-12-07)阅读数 10#综合百科
文章标签从句宾语

定语一般用在名词前,表修饰或限制;宾语表示动作的受动者,用在谓语后面

一般动词介词之后是宾语从句

名词之后是定语从句

定语从句是对先行词起到修饰作用的从句,简单的说就是形容词

宾语从句相当于宾语,只是因为宾语很长或宾语以一个句子的形式出现的

看下面两个句子

He

told

me

that

you

were

stupid.

这里that

you

were

stupid放在了told

me

的后面,而tell

me后面本该加名词的,而这个名词作宾语;that

you

were

stupid就代替了这个名词,因为是个句子,所以这个句子教宾语从句

He

is

a

student

that

is

hardworking.他是个勤奋的学生

that

is

hard

working相当于形容词,只是把形容词放在了student的后边来修饰它了

定语从句是相当于形容词,用来修饰名词的,一般是位于名词后面,只不过是一个句子而不是一个词。

宾语从句是做宾语的,一般是在动词或者介词后面

he

is

a

boy

who

likes

swimming.他是一个(喜欢游泳的)男孩。,修饰boy

he

don't

know

that

his

friend

is

ill.这是宾语从句,做know的宾语

定语从句作定语,修饰名词,有先行词(定语所修饰的词):而宾语从句作宾语,没有先行词

定语从句接在名词或代词的后面

宾语从句接在动词或介词的后面

There's

nothing

that

I

can

do.

I

don't

know

that

he

is

from

USA.

定语从句没有what

宾语从句有what

 宾语从句

 (一) 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略.当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的 影响,按需要可以使用任何时态.如:She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班.(从句是一般现在时) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条.(从句是一般将来时) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山.(从句是现在完成时) 当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态.如:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课.(从句是一般过去时) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿.(从句是过去将来时) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会.(从句是过去进行时) *当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时.如:The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人.She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她说她父亲比她大二十八岁.He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光传播比声音传播快得多.

 (二) 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句.引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同.但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.例如:We don't know whether (if) it is right.我们不知道它是否正确.The question is whether she should do that.问题在于她是否应该做那件事.Whether it is true remains a question.是真是假还是个问题.试比较:当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句.例如:I don't know if it is true.我不知道这事是否真实.当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句.例如:I shall go there if I have time.如果我有时间,我将到那儿去.

 定语从句

 (Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.

 关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等.

 关系副词有:when,where,why等.

 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.

 1)who,whom,that

 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

 Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

 He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

 他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

 2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:

 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.

 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书.

 3)which,that

 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

 A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的.繁荣.(which / that在句中作主语)

 The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语)

 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.

 1)when,where,why

 关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:

宾语和定语的区别和用法

 There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.

 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.

 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

 2)that代替关系副词

 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:

 His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.

 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.

鹏仔微信 15129739599 鹏仔QQ344225443 鹏仔前端 pjxi.com 共享博客 sharedbk.com

免责声明:我们致力于保护作者版权,注重分享,当前被刊用文章因无法核实真实出处,未能及时与作者取得联系,或有版权异议的,请联系管理员,我们会立即处理! 部分文章是来自自研大数据AI进行生成,内容摘自(百度百科,百度知道,头条百科,中国民法典,刑法,牛津词典,新华词典,汉语词典,国家院校,科普平台)等数据,内容仅供学习参考,不准确地方联系删除处理!邮箱:344225443@qq.com)

图片声明:本站部分配图来自网络。本站只作为美观性配图使用,无任何非法侵犯第三方意图,一切解释权归图片著作权方,本站不承担任何责任。如有恶意碰瓷者,必当奉陪到底严惩不贷!

内容声明:本文中引用的各种信息及资料(包括但不限于文字、数据、图表及超链接等)均来源于该信息及资料的相关主体(包括但不限于公司、媒体、协会等机构)的官方网站或公开发表的信息。部分内容参考包括:(百度百科,百度知道,头条百科,中国民法典,刑法,牛津词典,新华词典,汉语词典,国家院校,科普平台)等数据,内容仅供参考使用,不准确地方联系删除处理!本站为非盈利性质站点,本着为中国教育事业出一份力,发布内容不收取任何费用也不接任何广告!)