不定式和动名词做宾语的区别是什么

动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别

主语＋动词＋it+宾补＋doing/to do sth.这个句型中，动词通常是consider, make, find, feel, think等。当宾补是no good, no use ,useless, worth, busy时，真正宾语须用动名词；其他情况用动词不定式。

一、在want，decide，promise，refuse，agree，wish，hope，expect等及物动词后面的宾语只能是动词不定式，不是动名词。如：

1、I want to have a talk with her.我想跟她谈谈。

2、Our teacher decided to stay with us.老师决定留下来与我们在一起。

3、My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。

4、My mother refused to go there with us.我妈妈拒绝和我们一起去那里。

二、在一些特别的句子结构中要求使用动名词：

1、“have problem (+in) +动名词；

2、have fun (+in) +动名词；

3、have difficulty in doing sth；

4、have trouble/a hard time in doing sth；

5、be busy (in) +动名词；

6、waste time (in) +动名词；

lose time (in) +动名词；

以上动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。例如：

The children are busy doing their homework.孩子们忙于做作业。

Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点

1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如：

It

is

not

easy

to

learn

English

well.

It

is

no

use

asking

him

for

help.

2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:

To

see

is

to

believe.

=

Seeing

is

believing.

(眼见为实)

It

is

better

to

stay

home

than

_A__

out.

A.

to

go

B.

going

C.

go

D.

gone

Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点

1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如:

_B_

is

a

good

form

of

exercise

for

both

young

and

old.

A.

The

walk

B.

Walking

C.

To

walk

D.

Walk

2.在”There/It

be

no

use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如:

It

/There

is

no

use

crying

over

the

split

milk.

It

/There

is

no

help

taking

this

medicine.

★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如:

There

is

no

good

for

us

to

do

that

exercise.

3.不定式可以和when,

where,

how,

what,

whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如:

How

to

solve

the

problem

is

a

hot

potato.

Where

to

put

the

box

seems

hard

to

decide.

Whether

to

do

it

hasn’t

been

decided.

What

to

do

next

is

up

to

you.

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