英语句子成分有什么用
英语句子成分有什么用
, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等
英语句子成分主语就是动作的发出者,一般是名词或者代词,
谓语就是句子中的动词
宾语是动词后面的名词或者代词等。
如I go to school every day.I是主语,go是动词,所以是谓语,school是go的宾语
宾补就是宾语后面又有对宾语进行解释说明的成分
如: I make the classroom clean.I 是主语,make是动词,classroom是make的宾语,弄成什么样了clean对classroom进行补充说明,弄干净了。clean就是宾补。
希望能够帮到你!不知道我说明白了吗?不懂得可以再追问!
划分英语句子成分I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time
(主语)(时间状语)(谓语)(谓语介词)(宾语)(宾语补足语)
英语句子成分几个
名词,代词,动词,形容词,副词,介词,连词,感叹词,数词,
英语句子成分问题根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
1.主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。如:
It’s getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。如:
Mother bought me a VCR. 妈给我买了一台录像机。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于连系动词之后,与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如:
Be careful! 小心!
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
His job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。如:
He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。如:
He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I’ve never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很难拒绝他。
6. 定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当,位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可在所修饰的词之后(详见形容词一章)。如:
It’s an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。
Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗?
Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
7. 状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如:
We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。
Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。
She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。
United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存,分裂则亡。
8. 同位语:若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且,句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语。如:
This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。
We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
9.独立成分:与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系,如插入语、感叹语、呼语等,一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。如:
He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。
Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪,考试他竟然通过了。
注:后两种初中不要求掌握
句子有这几大类 :
主谓
主谓宾
主谓宾宾补
主谓间接宾语直接宾语
主系表
这是基本的东西,先搞清楚后再搞其他高级的部分
第十五章 句子的结构
英语的句子,与汉语句子类似,按照语法结构也可分为三类,即简单句,并列句和复合句。那么有关这三种句型的详细信息,请看下面的讲解。
一、简单句
简单句只包含一个主谓结构,并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成,不包含任何从句。简单句有五种基本句型。
1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)
The new term begins.
新学期开始了。
2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
The girl is learning to play the piano.
这个女孩在学弹钢琴。
3.主语+连系动词+表语
Susan is a student.
苏珊是个学生。
4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
He bought her a watch.
他给她买了一块表。
5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补语
We all believed you honest.
我们都认为你是诚实的。
二、并列句(简单句+连词+简单句)
并列句是由两个或多个简单句连接而成的。其中的各个简单句并列平行,同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,能够独立成句。它们之间要用连词连接。
并列句可分为四种:
1.表示相同关系
用连词或逗号、分号连接构成并列句。常用连词有:and, notonly...but also..., neither...nor...
Her father is a teacher and her mother is a doctor.
她的父亲是老师,母亲是医生。
Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high.
苏姗不但跑得快,而且跳得高。
I could neither swim nor skate.
我既不会游泳,也不会滑冰。
I wouldn't see this film , it's boring.
我不想看这个**,它令人心烦。
2.表示转折关系
常用连词有:but, still, yet,while, when等。
It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.
夜已深了,但是他还在继续做作业。
She was busy cooking while they were watching TV.
她忙着做饭,而他们却在看电视。
The film is not perfect, still, it's good.
这部影片虽然不是无可挑剔,但还是好的。
3.表示选择关系
常用连词为:or, either...or...。
Would you have tea or coffee?
你是喝茶还是咖啡?
The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.
老师要见一下他的父亲或是母亲。
Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.
这条路或那条路都通往那家医院。
4.表示因果关系
常用连词有for和so.
She soon fell asleep, for she was too tired.
她很快就睡着了,因为她太累了。
We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train toleave.
我们急忙赶往车站,因为火车很快就要开了。
It was raining harder and harder, so we had to stay at home.
雨下得越来越大,所以我们只得呆在家里。
The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went.
老师让苏姗到她那去,因此她就去了。
注意:1、. 在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉.
如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If wehurry up, we’ll be there in time.
2. because和so; although, though和but不能连用
(二)并列连词和连接性副词的区别
引导并列结构的并列连词有and, or, but, so, for, nor等,并列连词包括关联连词both…and, either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also, as well as, as much as等。并列连词也包括连接性副词,如however, hence, therefore, besides, moreover, yet, anyway,
consequently, still, nevertheless, all the same等。但并列连词和连接性副词存在着如下的区别:
1. 位置上的区别
连接两个独立的分句时,并列连词的位置只能放在它所引导的分句句首,前面通常有逗号:
Lopez left For Woodside(美新译西州一城市)the day before yesterday, and he won't be back till the end of the month.
I must work harder, for I still have a long way to go.
Pay him back, or he will bring a suit against you. (快还他钱,不然他要向你起诉。)They all went, but I didn't(go).
连接性副词的位置较灵活,既可放在句首,也可位于句中或句末、但以置于句首居多:
Father is ill; therefore ,he doesn't go to work today.
置于句首
Father is ill; he, therefore, doesn't go to work today.
置于句首
Father is ill; he doesn't go work today, therefore.
置于句末
2. 用法的区别
两个并列连词不可以连用:
Oscar and I go to the every Saturday evening, and but we play bridge there. (根据句意,应把but划掉。)
但并列连词却可以和连接性副词连用:
He is not in favor of the plan, and yet he raised no objection.
三、复合句(主句+连词+从句)
包含一个主句,一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分,如主语,表语,宾语,定语,状语等。
(一)、引导名词性从句的连接词
分类
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词(5个):that(宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)
whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)
as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever,whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever
连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she waschosen made us very happy.
We heard the newsthat our team had won.
比较
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下,只可用whether:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 常与 "or not" 连用;if 则不可。
5. 引导同位语从句
Whether he wille is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is notimportant who will go.
It is still unknown which teamwill win the match.
1.主语从句
主语从句就是从句作主语。它可作谓语动词的主语,也可作分词的主语。主语从句有三种:
(1)由that引导:
It is impolite( that you talked so loud inthe restaurant)---指代it的内容
你们在餐馆那么大声音说话是极不礼貌的。
It is a great surprise that she won the champion.
她得了冠军,真是令人惊异。
(2)由what, whatever和whoever等代词引导:
What she said just now is correct.
她刚才说的话很对。
What caused the air disaster is under the investigation.
究竟是什么导致了这次空难,正在调查。
Whatever you have seen must be kept in your mind.
不管你看到什么,都要记在心里。
Whoever breaks the world record will get one million yuan as an a ward.
任何打破世界纪录的人将得到一百万元奖金。
(3)由连接副词whether, how, when,why, where引导:
When the sports meet will be held isn'tdecided.
什么时候开运动会还没有定下来。
Whether she can pass the exam is not sure.
她是否能够通过考试还没有把握。
How he arrived there is unknown to anybody.
他是如何到达那里的,没有人知道。
Why the fire broke out here in the workshop remains a mystery.
车间这里为什么会发生火灾仍是个谜。
注意:当主语从句过长而谓语较短时,通常用代词it作形式主语,而把从句放在句尾。
It remains a mystery that the air disaster took place that day.
那天发生的空难仍然是个谜。
It is uncertain whether we'll attend the meeting or not .
我们是否参加那个会议还没有确定。
2.宾语从句
这类从句常是这种结构:主句+引导句+从句,从句中始终用陈述语序。
(1)由that引导(通常that可以省略)
She is very sure that she can work out the problem.
她确信她能解出这道题。
She told me that she could finish it herself.
她跟我说她可以自己完成这件工作。
(2)由what, who, which等关系代词引导
We don't understand what you said just now.
我们不明白你刚才说的话。
Tell me which you want?
告诉我你要哪一个?
Do you know who is the man over there?
你知道那边那个人是谁吗?
(3)由how, when, why, where引导宾语从句
They wanted to know when the building would be set up.
他们想要知道这座楼房何时建成。
Will you please tell me how I can get to the park?
请告诉我怎么走才能到公园好吗?
I wonder where she is now.
我想知道她现在在哪儿?
I don't know why you dislike physics.
我不知道为什么你讨厌物理。
(4)一些形容词之后所接的句子也是宾语从句。这些形容词有:glad, sorry, sure , afraid,worried, angry, aware, confident等。
I'm glad that you've helped me a lot.
很高兴你给我这么大的帮助。
We are confident that we can beat them.
我们有信心打败他们。
The father was angry that his son failed to pass the maths exam.
这位父亲对他的儿子数学不及格很恼火。
I'm not sure if she has finished the painting.
我不清楚她是否完成了那幅作品。
注意:当宾语从句过长时,可用it作形式宾语而将从句放在句子后面。
She thought it pity that I had missed the chance.
她认为我错过了那个机会非常可惜。
I found it very easy that I worked out the problem .
我觉得很容易地就做出了这道难题。
The manager made it clear that your idea was impossible .
经理已明白地指出你的想法不能实现。
3.定语从句
以从句的形式修饰或限定主句中的名词、代词、短语等的句子,叫作定语从句。
定语从句通常用关系词(关系代词和关系副词)把它与主句连接起来。它在句中所修饰和限定的词或短语称为先行词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有:who(指人,在从句中作主语或宾语),whom(指人,作宾语) ,whose(指人,作定语),that(可指人或物),which(指物)。
引导定语从句的关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因)。这些关系副词相当于(介词+which)。例如:
when=in(on,at,during)+which
where=in(at,to)+which
why=for which
(1)关系代词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语;关系副词在从句中作状语。
作主语:Thewoman who is talking to the teacher is her mother.
正在跟老师说话的那个女人是她的母亲。
The boy who played the piano on the stage yesterday is Mr. Li's s on.
昨天在台上弹钢琴的那个男孩儿是李先生的儿子。
作表语:Chaplinwas a great actor whose name is well known all over the world.
卓别林是一位闻名于全世界的伟大的演员。
作宾语:Do you know the man whose sonis your schoolmate?
你认识那个他的儿子是你同学的男人吗?
作宾语:Iam looking for the bike (that) I put here yesterday.)
我正在找昨天我放在这里的自行车。
These are the reference books (that) I bought for you yesterday.
这些是我昨天给你买的参考书。
作状语:
指时间:
Jack wasted much time on those days when he was in the middle school.
杰克上中学的时候,浪费了许多时光。
It was in 1937 when Japanese soldiers broke into the city Beiping.
日本鬼子闯入北平城是在一九三七年。
指地点:
This is the place where the poser Beethoven was born.
这就是作曲家贝多芬出生的地方。
Have you been to the seaside where we can enjoy swimming?
你去过那处我们可以尽情游泳的海滨吗?
指原因:
Do you know (the reason) why she was so sad?
你知道她为什么这样伤心吗?
Who can tell me why it's so unfair?
谁能告诉我为什么老天爷如此不公平?
That's(the reason)why he was absent.
这就是他缺席的原因。
注意:①当先行词被first,last这类词或最高级修饰时,一律都用that而不用which或who (不管先行词是指人还是物)。
This is the most beautiful picture that Ihave ever seen!
这是我所看见过的最美的画!
I'm the only one that you can rely on.
我是你唯一能够依靠的人。
②当先行词为all,no,any,only,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词的时候,必须用that作引导词引导定语从句。
There is nothing that she can say to you.
她对你没有什么话可说。
She is not interested in anything (that) he has told her.
她对他告诉她的任何事情都不感兴趣。
(2)介词前置的定语从句关系代词which和whom还可以作介词的宾语,这时要把介词放在整个定语从句的前面。
Is this the school in which you studies?
(in which=where)
这是你上学的学校吗?
The man on whom the whole family rely died in a traffic aident yesterday.
那个全家人依靠的顶梁柱昨天死于一场交通事故。
关系代词that和关系副词when,where等都不能作介词的宾语。
The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago.
他们现在正居住的房子是50年以前建的。(不能说:Thehouse in that they are living w as built 50 years ago.)
英语句子成分讲解英语中基本的句子成份有:
主语:通常由名词代词介词短语等充当
谓语:一般由动词充当
宾语:由名词代词动名词从句等充当
定语:由形容词名词等充当
状语:由副词、非谓语动词、状语从句等充当
补语:分主补、宾补,由形容词等充当
表语:be动词和系动词后面的成份,由形容词或者名词充当。
英语句子成分有那些,怎么判断?主谓宾定状补
英语句子成分怎么记?不要死记硬背, 谓语其实就是动词 ,表语是形容词或者表形容的词,定语是形容词。
学英语其实很简单,慢慢总结 , 你会有心得
英语句子成分有什么用?就像汉语的句子成分许多人都搞不明白却还是会说话。A. 英语句子成分的作用,正如网友“求同存异3721 ”在回答中第1,2点所说的,就不再多说了。
B. 您的困惑在于,为什么我们不会划分汉语成分的人,却会说汉语。这其实是涉及到了学英语中最重要的一环:语感及多练多用。
我并不认同网友“求同存异3721 ”的对于学习英语的建议。对于学习英语,最好的办法就是像你所说的那样,多用,多说,把英语变潜在的第二语言,类似于你除了普通话之外的第二母语一样。通过这种方法,学好英语没有任何问题。
这其中会涉及一个问题,会说英语,但是担心说的英语有语法错误怎么办。这个问题也很好理解,当老外说汉语的时候有些语法错误,你是不是同样会明白他们说的是什么意思呢?
学习英语开口说英语才是最重要的。有个很有意思故事,是说李阳(疯狂英语的创始人)当初为了学习英语,用坏了N个复读机,同时还要大声地把英语说出来。这其实就是学习英语的核心方法,最佳捷径。单词和语法是次要的东西了。
此结论是通过比较出国与考取公务员朋友多年以后的英语水平得出的,仅供参考。。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
[编辑本段]二. 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1) It + be + 名词 + that从句
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
[编辑本段]三、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如:
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留?
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。例如:
he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)
he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)
he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
[编辑本段]三、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如:
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
注意whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
[编辑本段]四. 同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
[编辑本段]五、名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
[编辑本段]六、名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
[编辑本段]七、if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划
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