动词变化规则

动词的变化规则及发音规律

一， 动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律

动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。

1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如：

①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]

②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]

2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：

fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]

study－studies [z]; worry－worries

3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：

teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]

4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：

go－goes [z] do－does [z]

下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。 如：

1、do [du:]－does [dz]

2、say [sei]－says [sez]

以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s”

一起读做[iz]。 如：

close－closes [iz]

二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象

例词：

①baby－babies

②carry－carries

③study－studying

二，规则动词的过去式变化如下：

一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：

worked played wanted acted

以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped

以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：

studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew

动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化

AB型

can could shall should

will would may might

AAA型

cost cost cost

cut cut cut

hit hit hit

hurt hurt hurt

let let let

must must must

put put put

set set set

shut shut shut

read read read

AAB型

beat beat beaten

ABA型

become became become

come came come

run ran run

ABB型

bring brought brought

buy bought bought

think thought thought

catch caught caught

teach taught taught

build built built

lend lent lent

send sent sent

spend spent spent

dig dug dug

hang hung hung

feel felt felt

keep kept kept

sleep slept slept

sweep swept swept

leave left left

smell smelt smelt

spill spilt spilt

lay laid laid

pay paid paid

say said said

sell sold sold

tell told told

sit sat sat

spit spat spat

stand stood stood

understand understood understood

learn learnt learnt

mean meant meant

spoil spoilt spoilt

shine shone shone

win won won

have had had

make made made

hear heard heard

find found found

hold held held

ABC型

begin began begun

drink drank drunk

ring rang rung

sing sang sung

sink sank sunk

swim swam swum

blow blew blown

fly flew flown

grow grew grown

know knew known

throw threw thrown

draw drew drawn

show showed shown

break broke broken

choose chose chosen

forget forgot forgotten

freeze froze frozen

speak spoke spoken

wake woke woken

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

give gave given

hide hid hidden

ride rode ridden

rise rose risen

take took taken

mistake mistook mistaken

write wrote written

am,is was been

are were been

do did done

go went gone

lie lay lain

see saw seen

wear wore worn

易错型

show showed shown

draw drew drawn

fall fell fallen

feel felt felt

hold held held

help helped helped

think thought thought

thank thanked thanked

take took taken

talk talked talked

get got got

forget forgot forgotten

meet met met

mean meant meant

hit hit hit

hide hid hidden

ring rang rung

bring brought brought

eat ate eaten

beat beat beaten

lie lay lain

lay laid laid

find found found

found founded founded

buy bought bought

bring brought brought

learn learnt learnt

hear heard heard

三， 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1) 规则变化

情况 例词 读音与说明

动词原形 过去式 过去分词

一般在动词原形后加-ed look

call

open

need looked

called

opened

needed looked

called

opened

needed

①-ed在清辅音音素后

发音为〔t〕，在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕，在元音后发音也为[d]

②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕

后发音为[id]

③但fix的过去式和过去

分词x不双写，为fixed.

以-e结尾的动词加-d move

phone

phoned

hope

hoped

agree

agreed

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，

再加-ed study

carry

try studied

studied

carried studied

carried

tried

以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed play

enjoy

stay

enjoyed

stayed

play

played

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop

plan

fit stopped

planned

fitted stopped planned

fitted

以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，

再加-ed prefer

refer preferred

referred preferred referred

2) 不规则变化

英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。

1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。

例：

原形 过去式 过去分词

cut（切）

hit（打）

cast（扔）

hurt（伤害）

put（放）

let（让）

shut（关）

cost（花费）

set（放）

rid（清除） cut

hit

cast

hurt

put

let

shut

cost

set

rid cut

hit

cast

hurt

put

let

shut

cost

set

rid

2．过去式与过去分词完全同形。

例：

原形 过去式 过去分词

find（找到）

pay（支付）

leave（离开）

lend（借出）

meet（遇见）

keep（保持）

lose（丢失）

teach（教）

sit（坐）

lead（引导）

win（赢）除） found

paid

left

lent

met

kept

lost

taught

sat

led

won found

paid

left

lent

met

kept

lost

taught

sat

led

won

3．动词原形与过去分词同形

例：

原形 过去式 过去分词

come（来）

run（跑）

become（成为） came

ran

became come

run

become

4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。

例：

原形 过去式 过去分词

give（给）

fly（飞）

drink（喝）

see（看见）

go（去）

know（知道）

wear（穿）

speak（说） gave

flew

drank

saw

went

knew

wore

spoke given

flown

drunk

seen

gone

known

worn

spoken

5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式

例：

原形 过去式 过去分词

burn（燃烧） burned

burnt burned

burnt

learn（学习） learned

learnt learned

learnt

smell（闻） smelled

smelt smelled

smelt

spell （拼写） spelled

spelt spelled

spelt

shine （照射） shined

shone shined

shone

leap （跳） leaped

leapt leaped

leapt

提示

a. beat的过去式与原形同形：

比：beat（打击） beat（过去式） beaten（过去分词）

b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同

比：lie lied, lied（说谎）

lay, lain（躺，位于）

c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同

比：hang hanged, hanged（处绞刑）

hung, hung(挂，吊)

d. welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词

比：welcome welcomed, welcomed（正）

welcome, welcome（误）

e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词

比：hit（打） hit, hit（正）

hitted, hitted（误）

四， 现在分词的变化规则

规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音

一般在动词原形词尾加-ing，-ing发音为 [iN] go

push

play

carry going pushing

playing

carrying

以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing take

write

leave taking writing

leaving

重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，要将该辅音字母双写，再加-ing cut

stop

fit

begin

forget cutting stopping fitting beginning forgetting

以ie结尾的动词，要把ie改为y，再加-ing lie

die

tie lying

dying

tying

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