关于英语

梵高1年前 (2023-12-20)阅读数 5#综合百科

文章标签从句动词

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四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made?by them　in the factory.

歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：

We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

You ought to take it away.

It ought to be taken away.

They should do it at once.

It should be done at once

英语从句的种类及用法

从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类，即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。引导从句的词称作关联句。

名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括:

从属连词that, if, whether;

连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;

连接副词where, when, why, how。

其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分.

That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.

The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party.

I don't know if he will attend the meeting.

Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom?

你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句)

[提示]

1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末.

It's well known that water is indispensable to life.

2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。

He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.

3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。

I don't know whether (if) she is at home.

Whether she comes or not makes no difference.

4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。

He always means what he says.

She suggested (that) he do it at once.

5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面,如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省，一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。

We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.

The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

如何判断各类从句呢？

答：

1．分析句子结构以区分从句的种类。遇到一个复合句，首先要分析其句子结构，看从句在整个句子中起什么作用，那么它就是什么从句。

2．分析引导词的句法作用以区别从句的种类。that这个词既可引导同位语从句，又可引导定语从句，这种两种从句从形式和结构上看特别相似，如何区分呢？区分that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句的方法是，看that在从句中是否充当句子成分，若that在从句中不充当任何成分，则为同位语从句；若that在从句中充当主语或宾语，则为定语从句。

3．根据被修饰词来判断从句的种类。定语从句常常修饰一些具有实际意义的名词，如：the film；the student；the book；a house等等。而同位语从句常常修饰一些表示抽象概念的名词，如fact、idea、promise、truth等，用来说明这些名词所表示的具体内容。状语从句在句子中常用来修饰谓语动词。

4．根据从句前词的词性来判断从句的种类。宾语从句分两种：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句。宾语从句前肯定是动词或介词。定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的，所以其前一定是一个名词或代词。

5．根据上下文意义和结构形式上区分从句的种类。如so that即可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，如何区分呢？主要从以下两点来区分。 ①根据上下文意义判断。“以便……”表示目的，是目的状语从句，“以致于……”，“结果……”表示结果，是结果状语从句。 ②从结构形式上来分辨。so that前有逗号，为结果状语从句，反之，则为目的状语从句。有时，so that前无逗号，这里要看从句中有无can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情态动词，如果有，则多是目的状语从句，若没有，则多是结果状语从句。

abide 居住

abode, abided

alight 下车

alighted, alit

awake 唤醒

awoke

awoke, awaked

be 是

was, were

been

bear 忍受

bore

borne, born

beat 击打

beat

beaten

become 变成

became

become

befall 发生

befell

befallen

beget 引起

begot

begotten, begot

begin 开始

began

begun

behold 注意看

beheld

bend 鞠躬

bent

bereave 剥夺

bereaved, bereft

beseech 乞求

besought, beseeched

beset 围攻

beset

bespeak 预约

bespoke

bespoken, bespoke

bespread 铺盖

bespread

bestrew 散放

bestrewed

bestrewed, bestrewn

bestride 跨坐

bestrode

bestridden, bestrid, bestrode

bet 打赌

bet, betted

betake 前往

betook

betaken

bethink 想起

bethought

bid 出价

bade, bid

bidden, bid

bide 忍受

bode, bided

bided

bind 绑

bound

bite 咬

bit

bitten, bit

bleed 流血

bled

blend 混合

blended, blent

bless 祝福

blessed, blest

blow 吹

blew

blown

break 断开

broke

broken

breed 产生

bred

bring 带来

brought

broadcast 广播

broadcast, broadcasted

browbeat 严斥

browbeat

browbeaten

build 建筑

built

burn 燃烧

burnt, burned

burst 爆炸

burst

buy 买

bought

can 能

could

cast 铸造

cast

catch 抓住

caught

chide 责骂

chid, chided

chid, chidden, chided

choose 选择

chose

chosen

cleave:

分裂

cleaved, cleft, clove

cleaved, cleft

打通

clave

cloven

cling 粘附

clung

clothe 穿衣

clothed, clad

come 来

came

come

cost 价值

cost

creep 爬行

crept

crow 报晓

crowed, crew

crowed

cut 切

cut

dare 敢

dared, durst

dared

deal 处理

dealt

dig 挖洞

dug

dispread 扩散

dispread

do 做

did

done

draw 画

drew

drawn

dream 做梦

dreamed, dreamt

drink 喝

drank

drunk

drive 驾车

drove

driven

dwell 细想

dwelt, dwelled

eat 吃

ate

eaten

fall 落下

fell

fallen

feed 喂

fed

feel 感觉

felt

fight 打架

fought

find 找寻

found

flee 逃跑

fled

fling 派出

flung

fly:

飞

flew

flown

逃逸

fled

击飞

flied

forbear 克制

forbore

forborne

forbid 禁止

forbade, forbad

forbidden

forecast 预报

forecast, forecasted

fordo 损毁

fordid

fordone

forego 居先

forewent

foregone

foreknow 预知

foreknew

foreknown

forerun 作先驱

foreran

forerun

foresee 看穿

foresaw

foreseen

foreshow 预示

foreshowed

foreshown

foretell 预言

foretold

forget 忘记

forgot

forgotten, forgot

forgive 原谅

forgave

forgiven

forsake 抛弃

forsook

forsaken

forswear 发假誓

forswore

forsworn

freeze 冷冻

froze

frozen

gainsay 反驳

gainsaid

get 得到

got

got, gotten

gild 镀金

gilded, gilt

gilded

gird 束缚

girded, girt

give 给予

gave

given

go 去

went

gone

grave 铭记

graved

graven, graved

grind 磨

ground

grow 成长

grew

grown

hamstring 残废

hamstringed, hamstrung

hang:

挂

hung

吊死

hanged

have 有

had

hear 听

heard

heave 力擎

heaved, hove

hew 砍劈

hewed

hewed, hewn

hide 隐藏

hid

hidden, hid

hit 打

hit

hold 拿住

held

hurt 伤害

hurt

inlay 镶嵌

inlaid

keep 保持

kept

kneel 下跪

knelt, kneeled

knit 编结

knitted, knit

know 知道

knew

known

lade 舀水

laded

laded, laden

lay 放置

laid

lead 带领

led

lean 倾斜

leaned, leant

leap 跳跃

leapt, leaped

learn 学习

learnt, learned

leave 离开

left

lend 借出

lent

let 让

let

lie:

躺下

lay

lain

撒谎

lied

light:

点燃

lit

照亮

lighted

lose 丢失

lost

make 做

made

may 可以

might

mean 意思

meant

meet 见面

met

melt 熔化

melted

melted, melten

misdeal 处理不当

misdealt

misgive 担忧

misgave

misgiven

mislay 放错

mislaid

mislead 欺骗

misled

mistake 弄错

mistook

mistaken

misunderstand 误会

misunderstood

mow 割草

mowed

mowed, mown

must 必须

must

ought 应该

ought

outbid 中标

outbade, outbid

outbidden, outbid

outbreed 超产

outbred

outdo 胜过

outdid

outdone

outeat 多吃

outate

outeaten

outfight 击败

outfought

outgo 支出

outwent

outgone

outgrow 生长快

outgrew

outgrown

outlay 花费

outlaid

outride 冲过

outrode

outridden

outrun 超越

outran

outrun

outsell 畅销

outsold

outshine 亮过

outshone

outshoot 发射

outshot

outsit 久坐

outsat

outspend 花钱过多

outspent

outspread 伸展

outspread

outthrow 扔出

outthrew

outthrown

outthrust 刺穿

outthrust

outwear 用旧

outwore

outworn

overbear 压抑

overbore

overborne

overbid 漫天要价

overbid

overbidden, overbid

overblow 吹过

overblew

overblown

overbuild 建造过多

overbuilt

overbuy 买得过贵

overbought

overcast 遮蔽

overcast

overcome 克服

overcame

overcome

overdo 做得过分

overdid

overdone

overdraw 透支

overdrew

overdrawn

overdrive 超速

overdrove

overdriven

overeat 吃得太多

overate

overeaten

overfeed 喂得太多

overfed

overfly 飞过

overflew

overflown

overgrow 过度生长

overgrew

overgrown

overhang 悬垂

overhung

overhear 无意听到

overheard

overlade 超载

overladed

overladed, overladen

overlay 覆盖

overlaid

overleap 跳过

overleapt, overleaped

overlie 躺在上面

overlay

overlain

overpay 付出太多

overpaid

override 藐视

overrode

overridden

overrun 泛滥

overran

overrun

oversee 监督

oversaw

overseen

oversell 卖完

oversold

overset 推翻

overset

oversew 缝合

oversewed

oversewed, oversewn

overshoot 打过头

overshot

oversleep 睡过头

overslept

overspend 过度使用

overspent

overspread 扩张

overspread

overtake 追上

overtook

overtaken

overthrow 推倒

overthrew

overthrown

overwind 旋太紧

overwound

overwrite 写得冗长

overwrote

overwritten

partake 参与

partook

partaken

pay 付出

paid

precast 预计

precast

prechoose 预选

prechose

prechosen

prove 证明

proved

proved, proven

put 放

put

quit 退出

quitted, quit

read 读

read

reave 掠夺

reaved, reft

rebuild 重建

rebuilt

recast 重铸

recast

reeve 贯穿

rove, reeved

relay 转送

relaid

rend 撕破

rent

repay 报答

repaid

reset 重设定

reset

retell 重述

retold

rid 除去

关于英语

rid, ridded

ride 骑

rode

ridden

ring 响

rang

rung

rise 升起

rose

risen

rive 扯裂

riven

riven, rived

run 跑

ran

run

saw 锯

sawed

sawn, sawed

say 说

said

see 看见

saw

seen

seek 搜索

sought

sell 卖

sold

send 送

sent

set 设置

set

sew 缝补

sewed

sewn, sewed

shake 摇晃

shook

shaken

shall 将

should

shave 剃须

shaved

shaved, shaven

shear 修剪

sheared

shorn, sheared

shed 脱落

shed

shine 照耀

shone, shined

shoe 穿鞋

shod, shoed

shoot 射击

shot

show 展示

showed

shown, showed

shred 撕碎

shredded, shred

shrink 萎缩

shrank, shrunk

shrunk, shrunken

shrive 忏悔

shrove, shrived

shriven, shrived

shut 关闭

shut

sing 唱歌

sang, sung

sung

sink 下沉

sank, sunk

sunk, sunken

sit 坐

sat

slay 残杀

slew

slain

sleep 睡觉

slept

slide 滑动

slid

slid, slidden

sling 吊起

slung

slink 潜逃

slunk

slit 切开

slit

smell 闻

smelt, smelled

smite 打击

smote

smitten, smote

sow 播种

sowed

sown, sowed

speak 讲话

spoke

spoken

speed 促进

sped, speeded

spell 拼写

spelt, spelled

spend 花钱

spent

spill 溢出

spilt, spilled

spin 旋转

spun

spit 吐

spat, spit

split 劈开

split

spoil 破坏

spoilt, spoiled

spread 散布

spread

spring 弹跳

sprang, sprung

sprung

stand 站立

stood

stave 凿孔

staved, stove

steal 偷窃

stole

stolen

stick 粘贴

stuck

sting 刺激

stung

stink 发臭

stank, stunk

stunk

strew 散播

strewed

strewn, strewed

stride 大踏步

strode

stridden, strid

strike 打动

struck

struck, stricken

string 捆扎

strung

strive 奋斗

strove, strived

striven, strived

swear 发誓

swore

sworn

sweat 出汗

sweat, sweated

sweep 打扫

swept

swell 膨胀

swelled

swollen, swelled

swim 游泳

swam

swum

swing 摆动

swung

take 拿到

took

taken

teach 教

taught

tear 撕

tore

torn

tell 讲述

told

think 思考

tought

thought

thrive 蔓延

throve, thrived

thriven, thrived

throw 投掷

threw

thrown

thrust 刺入

thrust

tread 践踏

trod

trodden, trod

unbend 放松

unbent

unbind 解开

unbound

unbuild 拆除

unbuilt

underbid 出低价

underbid

underbidden, underbid

underbuy 贱价买走

underbought

undercut 廉价出售

undercut

underdo 不尽力

underdid

underdone

underfeed 喂不饱

underfed

undergo 遭受

underwent

undergone

underlay 铺垫

underlaid

underlet 低价出租

underlet

underlie 位居其次

underlay

underlain

underpay 克扣

underpaid

underrun 跑不过

underran

underrun

undersell 抛售

undersold

underset 暗流

underset

undershoot 进入射程

undershot

understand 理解

understood

undertake 担任

undertook

undertaken

underwrite 签名

underwrote

underwritten

undo 取消

undid

undone

undraw 拉开

undrew

undrawn

unfreeze 解冻

unfroze

unfrozen

ungird 解带

ungirded, ungirt

unhang 解除悬挂

unhung

unknit 拆开

unknitted, unknit

unlade 卸载

unladed

unladed, unladen

unlay 松开

unlaid

unlearn 忘却

unlearnt, unlearned

unmake 恢复原状

unmade

unreeve 抽出

unrove, unreeved

unsay 撤销

unsaid

unset 去除设定

unset

unsling 取去悬索

unslung

unspeak 缄默

unspoke

unspoken

unstick 扯开

unstuck

unstring 去掉绑扎

unstrung

unswear 毁弃誓言

unswore

unsworn

unteach 使人忘却

untaught

unthink 打消念头

unthought

untread 折回

untrod

untrodden, untrod

unweave 拆解

unwove

unwoven

unwind 打开

unwound

upbuild 在上面建

upbuilt

upcast 上抛

upcast

uphold 赞成

upheld

uppercut 上击

uppercut

uprise 起义

uprose

uprisen

upset 颠覆

upset

upsweep 向上弯曲

upswept

upswing 跃进

upswung

wake 醒来

waked, woke

waked, woken, woke

waylay 埋伏

waylaid

wear 穿着

wore

worn

weave 编织

wove

woven

wed 结婚

wedded, wed

weep 哭泣

wept

wet 打湿

wetted, wet

will 意愿

would

win 获胜

won

wind 缠绕

winded, wound

wit 辩智

wist

withdraw 撤退

withdrew

withdrawn

withhold 扣留

withheld

withstand 对抗

withstood

work:

工作

worked

劳动

wrought

wring 拧

wrung

write 写

wrote

written

take-toke break-broke find-found understand-understood see-saw go-went have-had make-made put-put can-could will-would know-knew run-ran swim-swam hit-hit...

一、动词ing的变化

1、一般情况直接在后面加ing,如look--looking,jump--jumping.

2、以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，先去掉e,再加ing ,如write--writing,have--having.

3、个别单词需要记住：双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing

run--running swim--swimming get--getting sit--sitting

begin-beginning

二、动词ed的变化

1、一般情况直接在后面加ed,如visit--visited,help--helped

2、以不发音的e结尾的加d,如decide--decided,

3、另外你还需要背过不规则动词过去式表，如go--went,do--did

adj 形容词adv副词 v动词 n名词 prep介词pron代词conj连词

过去式一般构成过去时态，过去分词构成完成时态和被动语态。它们的构成非为规则构成和不规则，规则的在动词后加-ed.,不规则的要死记。规则的就直接加ed就可以了，动词过去式变化规则:

1．规则动词过去式过去分词的变化规则

1）一般在动词词尾加ed。

work—worked,rain—rained,watch—watched

2）如果动词以字母e结尾，变过去式时直接在词尾加d。

love—loved,live—lived,change—changed

3）如果动词是以一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，变过去式时，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。

stop—stopped,plan—planned,drop—dropped

4）如果动词是以辅音字母加y结尾，变过去式时要变y为i再加ed。

study—studied,carry—carried,try—tried

过去分词变化一般情况下同过去式，特殊动词除外，已在开始列出

不规则动词过去式过去分词变化如下

1、ABC型

awake-awoke-awoken

be(am,is,are)-was/were-been

bear-bore-born

begin-began-begun

blow-blew-blown

break-broke-broken

choose-chose-chosen

do-did-done

draw-drew-drawn

drink-drank-drunk

drive-drove-driven

eat-ate-eaten

fall-fell-fallen

fly-flew-flow

forget-forgot-forgotten

forgive-forgave-forgiven

freeze-froze-frozen

give-gave-given

get-got-gotten

go-went-gone

grow-grew-grown

hide-hid-hidden

know-knew-known

lie-lay-lain

mistake-mistook-mistaken

overeat-overate-overeaten

prove-proved-proven

ride-rode-ridden

ring-rang-rung

rise-rose-risen

see-saw-seen

shake-shook-shaken

show-showed-shown

sing-sang-sung

sink-sank-sunk

speak-spoke-spoken

steal-stole-stolen

swim-swam-swum

take-took-taken

throw-threw-thrown

wake-woke-woken

wear-wore-worn

write-wrote-written

2、AAA型

bet-bet-bet

cost-cost-cost

fit-fit-fit

hit-hit-hit

让let-let-let

put-put-put

read-read-read

set-set-set

shut-shut-shut

spit-spit-spit

spread-spread-spread

3、AAB型

beat-beat-beaten

4、ABA型

become-became-become

come-came-come

run-ran-run

5、ABB型

bring-brought-brought

build-built-built

burn-burnt-burnt

buy-bought-bought

catch-caught-caught

deal-dealt-dealt

dig-dug-dug

dream-dreamed(dreamt)-dreamed(dreamt)

feed-fed-fed

feel-felt-felt

fight-fought-fought

find-found-found

forget-forgot-forgot

get-got-got

hang(悬挂；绞死)-hung悬挂(hanged绞死)-hung(hanged)

have-had-had

hold-held-held

keep-kept-kept

lay-laid-laid

lead-led-led

learn-learned(learnt)-learned(learnt)

leave-left-left

lend-lent-lent

light-lit(lighted)-lit(lighted)

lose-lost-lost

make-made-made

mean-meant-meant

meet-met-met

pay-paid-paid

rebuild-rebuilt-rebuilt

retell-retold-retold

say-said-said

sell-sold-sold

shine-shone-shone

show-showed-showed

sit-sat-sat

sleep-slept-slept

smell-smelled(smelt)-smelled(smelt)

speed-sped(speeded)-sped(speeded)

spend-spent-spent

spit-spat-spat

stand-stood-stood

stick-stuck-stuck

sweep-swept-swept

teach-taught-taught

tell-told-told

think-tought-tought

wake-waked-waked

win-won-won

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