英语各个时态的标志性词语，都有什么？

1、一般现在时

(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等连用。例如：

1)The moon moves round the earth..

2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.

(2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：

1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.

2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.

(3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如：

1)The plane leaves at three sharp.

2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.

(4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：

1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.

2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.

2.一般过去时

(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如：

We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.

(2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如：

1)He always went to class last.

2)I used to do my homework in the library.

(注意与be used to doing短语的区别)

3.一般将来时

1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如：

I shall graduate next year.

2)几种替代形式：

1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如：

I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.

2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如：

I am to play tennis this afternoon.

3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如：

He was about to start.

4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如：

The train is due to depart in ten minutes.

5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing强调即将发生的某种事态。例如：

The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.

二、进行时态

1.现在进行时

(1)表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等连用。例如：

Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.

(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与always，continually，forever，constantly等连用。例如：

My father is forever criticizing me.

(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如：

They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.

(4)有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属”等的动词。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感觉的词)；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的动词)；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在状态的动词)；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form(表示占有与从属的动词)；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如：

1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?

(look在此为联系动词，意为“显得，看上去”)

2)Tom is looking for his books.

(look在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”)

2.过去进行时

过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。例如：

1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.

2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.

3.将来进行时

将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如：

1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.

2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?

4.完成进行时

(现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式，将放在完成时态部分讲述。

三、完成时态

完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为：

1.现在完成时

(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作(常与yet，already，just连用)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况(常与for，since连用)。例如：

1)I have just finished my homework.

2)Mary has been ill for three days.

(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如：

1)I haven’t been there for five years.

2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.

3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.

(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中：

This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如：

(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.

(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

2.过去完成时

(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如：

1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.

2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.

(2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如：

I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.

另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：

1)was / were + to have done sth,例如：

We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.

2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如：

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：

1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如：

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如：

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

3)by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：

The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.

3.将来完成时

将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如：

1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.

2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.

3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.

4.完成进行时

完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。

(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.

(2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：

It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.

(3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如：

By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.

四：时态一致

时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是：

1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态

He says that he lives in Wuhan.

We hope that there will be many people at your party today.

“Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.”

“There’s a lot of excitement on the street.”

“There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”

2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态

He said he was writing a novel.

The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.

He said his father had been an engineer.

3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如：

The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.

注：在此种情况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。

4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况

利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。例如：

We insisted that we do it ourselves.

动词的语态

语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态)

2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态)

1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语

(1)在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。

(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。

2.被动语态的时态形式

常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式。

表1

时?SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般时 进行时 完成时

现在 am asked am being asked

is asked is being asked

are asked are being asked

过去

was be asked was being asked

were be asked were being asked

将来 shall be asked shall have been asked

will be asked will have been asked

过去 should be asked should have been asked

将来 would be asked would have been asked

3.短语动词的被动语态

短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如：

1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.

2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.

4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态

“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：

The boy got hurt on his way home from work.

另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如：

get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚)

get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解)

get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸)

get married(结婚)

5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态

(1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如：

1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态)

2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态)

3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态)

(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如：

1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态)

2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态)

6.被动语态与系表结构的区别

(1)The novel was well written.(系表结构)

(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态)

7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思

例1：The book is selling remarkably well.

例2：The song sounds very beautiful.

能这样用的动词还有read(读起来)，clean(擦起来)，wash(洗起来)，write(写起来)。

例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).

能像need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。

例4：The meat is cooking.

例5：The book written by the professor is printing.

#四六级考试# 导语英语四六级考试中，作文是考生复习的重点和难点，日常关注一些作文素材有助于作文得高分，下面是 四六级频道为大家整理的《2018年12月英语六级作文常用句型：必备词组及短语》一文，希望给大家带来帮助，预祝大家高分通过考试。

　六级必备词组及短语搭配

　1. be absent from…. 缺席，不在

　2. absence of mindbeing absent-minded 心不在焉

　3. be abundant in / be rich in 富于富有

　4. accessto 不可数名词 能接近进入了解

　5. by accidentby chance accidentally偶然地意外.

　6. in accord with 与…一致

　7. take…into accountconsider把...考虑进去

　8. account for give an explanation or reason for 解释 说明

　9. .accuse…of…charge…with blame sb. for sth. blame sth. on sb.complain about 指控控告10. be accustomed to / be used to 习惯于

　10. be acquainted with 了解 熟悉

　11. act as 扮演

　12. adapt oneself toadjust oneself to 使自己适应于

　13. in addition besides 此外 又 加之1

　14. in addition toas well as besides other than除…外1

　15. adhere to abide by conform to comply with cling to insist on persist in observe opinion belief 粘附 坚持 遵循

　16. adjust..to change slightly调节 适应

　17. in advance before in time 预告 事先

　18. have an advantage over 胜过.

　19. take advantage of make the best of make use of profit from利用.

　20. ahead of 在…之前超过…. ahead of time 提前.

　21. above all especially most important of all 尤其是 最重要的.

　22. after all 毕竟到底 not at all 一点也不

　23. above all 最重要的 first of all 首先 all in all 大体上说

　24. take into consideration / take into account 考虑到 估计到.

　25. amount to to be equal to 总计 等于.

　26. answer for be liable for take charge for 对…负责.

　27. be anxious about 为…焦急不安

　28. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉

　29. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力

　30. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 apply for 申请 apply to 适用.

　31. apply to 与…有关适用

　32. approve of be in favor of favor 赞成 approve vt. 批准

　33. arrive on 到达 arrive at 到达某地小地方得出作出 arrive in 到达某地大 地方

　34. be ashamed of 以…为羞耻

　35. assure sb. of sth.向…保证使…确信.

　36. attribute…to…把..归因于.. 认为..是..的结果

　37. be aware of be conscious of意识到知道.

　38. turn one’s back on sb. 不理睬某人背弃抛弃

　39. behind one’s back 背着某人说坏话

　40. be based on / upon 基于

　41. on the basis of 根据… 在…基础上

　42. on behalf of 以…名义

　43. believe inhave faith or trust in 相信依赖信仰.

　44. benefit from 受益得到好处.

　45. for the benefit of 为了…的利益好处

　46. give birth to 出生

　47. blame sb. for sth.因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上

　48. out of breath 喘不过气来

　49. in briefin as few words as possible简言之

　50. on business 出差办事.

　51. be busy with sth.于某事 。 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事

　52. but for without 要不是. 表示假设

　53. be capable of 能够 有能力

　54. in any caseat any rate at any price at any cost无论如何

　55. in case for fear that 万一

　56. in case of in the event of如果发生…万一

　57. in no case 在任何情况下都不放句首倒装句

　58. be cautious of 谨防

　59. center/focus one’s attention on 把某人的注意力集中在…上

　60. by chanceaccidentally by accident偶然

　61. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…

　62. in charge of responsible for 负责某事

　63. in the charge of …由…管

　64. charge…for 因…索取费用

　65. round the clockall day and all night usually without stopping 昼夜不停地

　66. comment on 评论

　67. commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论

　68. in common 和…有共同之处共用.7

　69. compare…with … 把…与…比较

　70. compare…to… 把…比作…

　71. by comparison 比较起来

　72. compensate for give sth. to make up for 补偿 赔偿弥补 compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿弥补

　73. complain of or about抱怨诉苦控告complain about 抱怨某人或事情

　74. comply with 遵守 依从

　75. concentrate on or upon 集中专心

　76. be concerned with about 与…有关

　77. confessto承认 供认confess to a crime 承认罪行.

　78. with confidence 满怀信心地have confidence in 对…有信心

　79. conform to comply with 符合遵照遵守1obey 服从 2 observe 3comply with 照…办 4keep to 遵循 5abide by 服从6stick to 按..做

　80. be confronted with 面对 面临

　81. congratulate sb. on 祝贺

　82. be conscious ofbe aware of觉察知道

　83. under consideration 在考虑中

　84. consist ofbe composed of由…组成的.

　85. be consistent with 与…一致.

　86. to one’s heart’s content 尽情地痛痛快快

　87. be content withbe satisfied with 满足于 be content to do sth.愿意做某事

　88. on the contrary 相反

　89. in contrast to/with 和…形成对比 by contrast 对比之下

　90. contribute to 有助于

　91. under control 被控制住 out of control 无法控制

　92. convince sb. of 使某人确信

　93. cope withdeal with应付 处理

　94. correspond with exchange letters regularly 通信

　95. at all costs 不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价

　96. be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的

　97. be in dangerof处于…危险中 be out of danger 脱离危险

　98. out of date 过时的;up to date 新式的时兴的 date back to 可追溯到

　99. on the decline 在衰退中 在减少中，on the increase 在增加

　100. to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴 to one’s regret 遗憾 sorrow 悲痛 relief 安 心 distress 苦恼 shame 羞愧 surprise 惊奇 astonishment 惊奇

　101. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物

　102. derive…from 从…取得由…来的，起源于

　103. in despair 绝望

　104. despite in spite of 不管 尽管

　105. in detail 详细地

　106. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食 节食

　107. differ from…in 与…的区别在于…

　108. dismiss sb. from a job for 因…解雇 开除

　109. beyond dispute 不容争议的无可争议

　110. in dispute 在争议中

　111. in the distance 在远处. make out 辩认出

　112. be distinct from be different from 与…截然不同

　113. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开

　114. do away withget rid of abolish discard; eliminate 除去废除取消

　115. have…to do with 与…有关系

　116. without doubt undoubtedly无可置疑地

　117. be due to 是由于

　118. have an effect on 对…有影响

　119. go into effect 生效. 近: come into effect take effect be brought into effect

　120. emerge from appear 出现 暴露问题. 意见等

　121. placeor put lay an emphasis on 强调 把重点放在…上

　122. right to do sth.有权…有资格…

　123. be equal to 等于

　124. be equipped with 装备有装有

　125. be equivalent toequal in value amount meaning 相等于相当于

　126. except 除…以外 besides 除…以外还有..

　127. with the exception of except apart from 除去…. 除…以外1

　128. exchange…for 以…交换

　129. at the expense of 在损害…情况下以…为牺牲132.expose…to…使暴露于… 使…受危险风险

　130. beyond expression in a manner that cannot be expressed 无法形容 说不出的

　131. keep an eye onkeep a watch on照看监视

　132. lose faith in 对…失去信心

　133. faithful to loyal to 对…忠诚

　134. familiar with 熟悉了解

　135. far from 远远不是

　136. find fault withcomplain about criticize找毛病，对…吹毛求疵

　137. in favour of 赞成

　138. feel like have a desire for 想要

　139. fill in 填写

　140. fill out fill in 填写

　141. focus on concentrate on 集中在…上1

　142. go into force 开始生效1

　143. by force 靠武力 强行

　144. free of charge 免费

　145. be freed from 免受 没有…

　146. in front of 在…前面

　147. furnish…with supply 向…提供

　148. in general in most cases usually通常

　149. catch or get a glimpse of 瞥见强调结果 take a glanceor look at 看一眼强 调动作

　150. be good for 对…有好处对…有作用 be good at 擅长于 be good to 对…好

　151.take…for granted assume to be true

　152.把…认为理所当然的.

　153.be grateful to sb. for sth 因…感谢某人

　154.be guilty of 犯有…罪或过失

　155.be in the habit of 习惯于

　156.159.get fall into the habit of 养成了…的习惯

　157.160.head for move towards 向…方向前进

　158.161.by heart by memory 熟记 背诵

　159.162.be go on holiday 在去度假 go on holiday go for a holiday

　160.be identical withexactly alike和完全相同

　161.be identified with 被视为与…等同

　162.in ignorance of 不知道…

　163.be ignorant of lacking knowledge 对…不了解不知道

　164.impose…on 把…强加给

　165.make leave an impression on sb. give sb. an impression 给…留下印象

　166.be indifferent to not interested in对…漠不关心冷淡 不在乎

　167.be inferior toless good in quality or value 比…差 superior to 比…好

　168.inform sb. of sth. 通知 告诉

　169.be innocent of 无罪的无辜的

　170.insist on order sth. to happen 坚持要

　171.instead of in place of 代替，而不是…

　172.in the interests of 符合…的利益 be interested in 对…感兴趣

　173..be involved in become connected or concerned 卷入 参加

　174.be jealous of 妒忌

　175.at least 至少 at most 至多

　176.at length after a long time at last终于 at length in detail thoroughly 详细地

　177.in the light of considering taking into account 考虑到 根据

　178.long forwant very much渴望希望得到

　179.before long soon不久 过了不久以后

　180.in the long run in the end从长远来说最后 in the short term 从短期来说

　181.be at a loss 不知所措

　182.major in 主修(某课程)

　183.as a matter of fact 实际上事实是

　184.y all means at all costs不惜一切.by no means 完全不决不

　185.be in a mess 乱七八糟 处境困难

　186.earor keep…in mindremember牢记

　187.t the moment now 此刻现在 for the moment for the time being暂时

　188.make the most of 充分利用

　189.name after 用…的名字命名

　190.ot to mention(let alone)更不用说…

　191.object to be opposed to 反对

　192.all at once suddenly now 立即马上 once in a while occasionally 偶尔

　193.be opposed to… 反对…

　194.in order 井井有条处于良好状态 out of orderin bad condition出毛病发生故 障

　195.originate in/frombegin起源于由..引起

　196.owe…to 把…归于…

　197.keep pace with 跟…齐步前进

　198.participate in take part in参加

　199.be patient with 对…耐心

　200.persist in 坚持固执

　201.bringput…into practice 使…成为现实

　202.prefer…to… 宁要 更喜欢

　203.in the presence of 在…在场的情况下

　204.preside over / at 主持会议业务等

　205.prevail over 占优势 压倒 战胜

　206.prevent…from 使…不防止…做

　207.previous to prior to 在…之前

　208.ake pride inbe proud of 以…自豪

　209.in private privately 私下 秘密地 in public 公开地

　210.prohibit…from forbid 禁止阻止

　211.on purposeby intention deliberately故意

　212.be qualified in 在某种科目或学科上合格 be qualified for 在某种职业上合格

　213.out of the question impossible不可能的

　214.n question under discussion所谈及的

　215.without question 毫无疑问

　216.at random without aim or purpose 随便地 任意地 胡乱地

　217.beyond the reach of 无法达到得到理解

　218.give one’s regards to sb. 向…问候

　219.regardless of without worrying about despite in spite of 不顾不考虑

　220.relevant to 与…有关的

　221.rely on 依靠 信赖

　222.remark onupon 对…发表评论

　223.remedy for 对…治疗法补救 药物

　224.remind sb. of 提醒某人…使某人向想起

　225.resort to 诉诸于.. 求助于…resort to force 诉诸于武力

　226.result in cause 导致

　227.get rid of 摆脱 去掉 除去

　228.give rise to lead to 引起导致

　229.at the risk of 冒...的风险

　230.for the sake of 为了…起见

　231.be satisfied with 满意

　232.in season 旺季

　233.in secret 秘密地 in private 私下

　234.superior to 比…更好 inferior to 比…差

　235.in a sense 在某种意义上

　236.be shocked at / by 对…感到震惊

　237.be short of lacking enough缺乏不够

　238.take the side of 站在…一边

　239.catch the sight of see for a moment瞥见

　240.at the sight of 一看见…

　241.specialize in 专门研究 专攻

　242.in spite of despite 尽管

　243.stick to refuse to leave or change坚持stick to one’s promise 决不食言 stick to one’s friend 忠于朋友

　244.be strict with 对…严格要求

　245.on strike 罢工

　246.owe…to 归因于

　247.submit…to 提交

　248.substitute…for 以…代替…

　249.suffer from 患…病受…苦痛

　250.supply sb. with sth 向某人提供某物

　251.suspect sb. of 疑心某犯有…

　252.be suspicious of not trusting对…有疑心

　253.by sympathetic to/towards 对…同情赞同 sympathize with sb. or sth. 对…表示 同情 be in sympathy with 赞同同情

　254.toone’s taste 合…的口味中意

　255..tell…from recognize 辨别.认出

　256..in terms of 按照 根据 在…方面

　257..thank sb. for sth. 因…感谢某人

　258.on second thoughts 经再三考虑之后

　259..behind the times 思想看法落后于时代

　260..for the time being temporarily暂时

　261..by turns 轮换地

　262.in vain uselessly 徒劳

　263..be valid for 对…有效的

　264.against one’s will 违心地违背意愿地 at will 随心所欲

　265.in a word 总之in other words 换言之 have a word with sb.谈一谈 have words with sb.争吵have the last word 有决定权 keep one’s word 遵守诺言

　266.work out ideas 出主意 work out a problem 解决问题 work out a puzzle 解谜.yield to 对…屈服投降让步顺从

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