大型猛禽有那些种类?

乐乐1年前 (2023-12-21)阅读数 6#综合百科

大型猛禽依次为：加州秃鹫、康多秃鹫、黑美秃鹫、王鹫、鵟雕、冕雕、黑栗雕、角雕、冠雕、红头美洲鹫、白头海雕、虎头海雕、吼海雕、金雕、楔尾雕、凤头鹰雕、食猿雕、新几内亚角雕、短趾雕、靴隼雕、非洲隼雕、冕鹰雕、猛雕、蛇鹫、头巾兀鹫、兀鹫、秃鹫、胡兀鹫、林雕、灰头渔雕。

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猛禽简介

猛禽是鸟类六大生态类群之一，涵盖了鸟类传统分类系统中隼形目和鸮形目的所有种。猛禽包括鹰、雕、鵟、鸢、鹫、鹞、鹗、隼、鸮、鸺鹠等次级生态类群，均为掠食性鸟类。在生态系统中，猛禽个体数量较其他类群少，但是却处于食物链的顶层，扮演了十分重要的角色。

一般地说猛禽类有两大类，一类是隼形类，如老鹰、秃鹫等，另一类是鸮形类，如猫头鹰等。猛禽是食肉类鸟类，一部分食腐。猛禽都有向下弯曲的钩形嘴，的足，除鹫类外大都有非常锋利的爪，它们有良好的视力，可以在很高或很远的地方发现地面上或水中的食物。全世界现生猛禽432种，其中隼形类有298种，鸮形类有134种。

猛禽名录－－Hawks and Allies 鹰科

Accipitridae: Hawks and Allies 鹰科（一）

Aviceda cuculoides African Baza 西非鹃隼

Aviceda madagascariensis Madagascar Baza 马岛鹃隼

Aviceda jerdoni Jerdon\'\'s Baza 褐冠鹃隼

Aviceda subcristata Pacific Baza 凤头鹃隼

Aviceda leuphotes Black Baza 黑冠鹃隼

Leptodon cayanensis Grey-headed Kite 灰头鸢

Leptodon forbesi White-collared Kite 白领鸢

Chondrohierax uncinatus Hook-billed Kite 钩嘴鸢

Henicopernis longicauda Long-tailed Honey-buzzard 长尾鵟

Henicopernis infuscatus Black Honey-buzzard 黑长尾鹰

Pernis apivorus European Honey-buzzard 蜂鹰

Pernis ptilorhyncus Oriental Honey-buzzard 凤头蜂鹰

Pernis celebensis Barred Honey-buzzard 菲律宾蜂鹰

Lophoictinia isura Square-tailed Kite 方尾鸢

Hamirostra melanosternon Black-breasted Buzzard 黑胸钩嘴鸢

Elanoides forficatus Swallow-tailed Kite 燕尾鸢

Macheiramphus alcinus Bat Hawk 蝠鸢

Gampsonyx swainsonii Pearl Kite 珠鸢

Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite 黑翅鸢

Elanus axillaris Black-shouldered Kite 黑肩鸢

Elanus leucurus White-tailed Kite 白尾鸢

Elanus scriptus Letter-winged Kite 纹翅鸢

Chelictinia riocourii Scissor-tailed Kite 剪尾鸢

Rostrhamus sociabilis Snail Kite or Everglade Kite 螺鸢

Rostrhamus hamatus Slender-billed Kite 细嘴螺鸢

Harpagus bidentatus Double-toothed Kite 双齿鹰

Harpagus diodon Rufous-thighed Kite 棕腿齿鹰

Ictinia mississippiensis Mississippi Kite 密西西比灰鸢

Ictinia plumbea Plumbeous Kite 铅灰鸢

Milvus milvus Red Kite 鸢

Milvus migrans Black Kite 黑鸢

Milvus lineatus Black-eared Kite 黑耳鸢

Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite 啸栗鸢

Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite 栗鸢

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle 白腹海雕

Haliaeetus sanfordi Sanford\'\'s Fish-Eagle 所罗门海雕

Haliaeetus vocifer African Fish-Eagle 吼海雕

Haliaeetus vociferoides Madagascar Fish-Eagle 马岛海雕

Haliaeetus leucoryphus Pallas\'\'s Fish-Eagle 玉带海雕

Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle 白尾海雕

Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle 白头海雕

Haliaeetus pelagicus Steller\'\'s Sea-Eagle 虎头海雕

Ichthyophaga humilis Lesser Fish-Eagle 小渔雕

Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus Grey-headed Fish-Eagle 灰头渔雕

Accipitridae: Hawks and Allies 鹰科（二）

Gypohierax angolensis Palm-nut Vulture 棕榈鹫

Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier 胡兀鹫

Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture 白兀鹫

Necrosyrtes monachus Hooded Vulture 头巾兀鹫

Gyps africanus White-backed Vulture 非洲白背兀鹫

Gyps bengalensis White-rumped Vulture 白背兀鹫

Gyps indicus Long-billed Vulture 长嘴兀鹫

Gyps rueppellii Rueppell\'\'s Griffon 黑白兀鹫

Gyps himalayensis Himalayan Griffon 高山兀鹫

Gyps fulvus Eurasian Griffon 兀鹫

Gyps coprotheres Cape Griffon 南非兀鹫

Aegypius monachus Cinereous Vulture 秃鹫

Torgos tracheliotus Lappet-faced Vulture 肉垂秃鹫

Trigonoceps occipitalis White-headed Vulture 白头鹫

Sarcogyps calvus Red-headed Vulture 黑兀鹫

Accipitridae: Hawks and Allies 鹰科（三）

Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Snake-Eagle 短趾雕

Circaetus pectoralis Black-chested Snake-Eagle 黑胸短趾雕

Circaetus cinereus Brown Snake-Eagle 灰短趾雕

Circaetus fasciolatus Fasciated Snake-Eagle 斑短趾雕

Circaetus cinerascens Banded Snake-Eagle 小斑短趾雕

Terathopius ecaudatus Bateleur 短尾雕

Spilornis cheela Crested Serpent-Eagle 蛇雕

Spilornis minimus Nicobar Serpent-Eagle 尼科巴蛇雕

Spilornis kinabaluensis Mountain Serpent-Eagle 山蛇雕

Spilornis rufipectus Sulawesi Serpent-Eagle 苏拉蛇雕

Spilornis holospilus Philippine Serpent-Eagle 菲律宾蛇雕

Spilornis elgini Andaman Serpent-Eagle 安达曼蛇雕

Dryotriorchis spectabilis Congo Serpent-Eagle 刚果蛇雕

Eutriorchis astur Madagascar Serpent-Eagle 马岛蛇雕

Accipitridae: Hawks and Allies 鹰科（四）

Circus aeruginosus Western or Eurasian Marsh-Harrier 白头鹞

Circus ranivorus African Marsh-Harrier

Circus spilonotus Eastern Marsh-Harrier 白腹鹞

Circus approximans Swamp Harrier Circus maillardi Reunion Marsh-Harrier

Circus buffoni Long-winged Harrier 长翅鹞

Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier 斑点鹞

Circus maurus Black Harrier 黑鹞

Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier or Hen Harrier 白尾鹞

Circus cinereus Cinereous Harrier 灰鹞

Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier 草原鹞

Circus melanoleucos Pied Harrier 鹊鹞

Circus pygargus Montagu\'\'s Harrier 乌灰鹞

Polyboroides typus African Harrier-Hawk or Gymnogene 猎鹰

Polyboroides radiatus Madagascar Harrier-Hawk 马岛猎鹰

Kaupifalco monogrammicus Lizard Buzzard 蜥鵟/蜥雕

Melierax metabates Dark Chanting-Goshawk 歌鹰

Melierax poliopterus Eastern Chanting-Goshawk 灰歌鹰

Melierax canorus Pale Chanting-Goshawk 淡色歌鹰

Melierax gabar Gabar Goshawk 红脸歌鹰

Accipiter poliogaster Grey-bellied Goshawk 灰腹鹰

Accipiter trivirgatus Crested Goshawk 凤头鹰

Accipiter griseiceps Sulawesi Goshawk 灰头凤头鹰

Accipiter tachiro African Goshawk 非洲鹰

Accipiter castanilius Chestnut-flanked Sparrowhawk 栗肋鹰

Accipiter badius Shikra 褐耳雀鹰

Accipiter butleri Nicobar Sparrowhawk 尼科巴雀鹰

Accipiter brevipes Levant Sparrowhawk 东方雀鹰

Accipiter soloensis Chinese Goshawk 赤腹鹰

Accipiter francesiae Frances\'\'s Goshawk 马岛鹰

Accipiter trinotatus Spot-tailed Goshawk 点尾鹰

Accipiter novaehollandiae Grey Goshawk 灰鹰

Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk 褐鹰

Accipiter melanochlamys Black-mantled Goshawk 褐背鹰

Accipiter albogularis Pied Goshawk 鹊色鹰

Accipiter rufitorques Fiji Goshawk 棕颈鹰

Accipiter haplochrous White-bellied Goshawk 白腹鹰

Accipiter henicogrammus Moluccan Goshawk 白头鹰

Accipiter luteoschistaceus Slaty-mantled Sparrowhawk 蓝灰雀鹰

Accipiter imitator Imitator Sparrowhawk 拟鹰

Accipiter poliocephalus Grey-headed Goshawk 苍头鹰

Accipiter princeps New Britain Goshawk [新不列颠]灰头鹰

Accipiter superciliosus Tiny Hawk 侏鹰

Accipiter collaris Semicollared Hawk 半领鹰

Accipiter erythropus Red-thighed Sparrowhawk 红腿雀鹰

Accipiter minullus Little Sparrowhawk 小雀鹰

Accipiter gularis Japanese Sparrowhawk 日本松雀鹰

Accipiter virgatus Besra 松雀鹰

Accipiter nanus Small Sparrowhawk

Accipiter erythrauchen Rufous-necked Sparrowhawk 红颈雀鹰

Accipiter cirrocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk 领雀鹰

Accipiter brachyurus New Britain Sparrowhawk 短尾雀鹰

Accipiter rhodogaster Vinous-breasted Sparrowhawk 葡萄胸雀鹰

Accipiter madagascariensis Madagascar Sparrowhawk 马岛雀鹰

Accipiter ovampensis Ovambo Sparrowhawk 南非雀鹰

Accipiter nisus Eurasian Sparrowhawk 雀鹰

Accipiter rufiventris Rufous-chested Sparrowhawk 棕胸雀鹰

Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned Hawk 尖颊鹰

Accipiter chionogaster White-breasted Hawk 白胸鹰

Accipiter ventralis Plain-breasted Hawk 淡胸鹰

Accipiter erythronemius Rufous-thighed Hawk 棕腿鹰

Accipiter cooperii Cooper\'\'s Hawk 鸡鹰

Accipiter gundlachi Gundlach\'\'s Hawk 古巴鹰

Accipiter bicolor Bicolored Hawk 双色鹰

Accipiter melanoleucus Black Goshawk 黑白雀鹰

Accipiter henstii Henst\'\'s Goshawk 亨氏鹰

Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk 苍鹰

Accipiter meyerianus Meyer\'\'s Goshawk 白颊雀鹰

Erythrotriorchis buergersi Chestnut-shouldered Goshawk 新几内亚鹰

Erythrotriorchis radiatus Red Goshawk 赤鹰

Megatriorchis doriae Doria\'\'s Goshawk 巨赤鹰

Urotriorchis macrourus Long-tailed Hawk 非洲长尾鹰

Butastur rufipennis Grasshopper Buzzard 蝗鵟鹰

Butastur teesa White-eyed Buzzard 白眼鵟鹰

Butastur liventer Rufous-winged Buzzard 棕翅鵟鹰

Butastur indicus Grey-faced Buzzard 灰脸鵟鹰

Geranospiza caerulescens Crane Hawk 鹤鹰

Leucopternis plumbea Plumbeous Hawk 铅灰南美鵟

Leucopternis schistacea Slate-colored Hawk 鼠灰南美鵟

Leucopternis princeps Barred Hawk 横斑南美鵟

Leucopternis melanops Black-faced Hawk 黑脸南美鵟

Leucopternis kuhli White-browed Hawk 白眉南美鵟

Leucopternis lacernulata White-necked Hawk 白颈南美鵟

Leucopternis semiplumbea Semiplumbeous Hawk 淡灰南美鵟

Leucopternis albicollis White Hawk 白领南美鵟

Leucopternis occidentalis Grey-backed Hawk 灰背南美鵟

Leucopternis polionota Mantled Hawk 斗蓬南美鵟

Buteogallus aequinoctialis Rufous Crab-Hawk 棕鸡鵟

Buteogallus anthracinus Common Black-Hawk 黑鸡鵟

Buteogallus subtilis Mangrove Black-Hawk 红林鸡鵟

Buteogallus urubitinga Great Black-Hawk 大黑鸡鵟

Buteogallus meridionalis Savanna Hawk 草原鸡鵟

Parabuteo unicinctus Harris\'\'s Hawk 栗翅鹰

Busarellus nigricollis Black-collared Hawk 黑领鹰

Geranoaetus melanoleucus Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle 鵟雕

Harpyhaliaetus solitarius Solitary Eagle 孤冕雕

Harpyhaliaetus coronatus Crowned Eagle 冕雕

Buteo plagiatus Grey Hawk 灰鵟

Buteo nitidus Grey-lined Hawk 灰鵟

Buteo magnirostris Roadside Hawk 大嘴鵟

Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk 赤肩鵟

Buteo ridgwayi Ridgway\'\'s Hawk 岛鵟