do、doing的区别

to do 和doing的用法区别

stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。

stop doing 停止做某事。

They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。

I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。

典型例题

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。

forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)

forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)

The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.

办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off.

他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.

别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)

典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh，I forgot___.

A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.

而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)

remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school.

记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?

你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做)

regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做)

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.

我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。

I don't regret telling her what I thought.

我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

典型例题

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret ___ that.

A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。

cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。

cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。

That department has ceased to exist forever.

那个部门已不复存在。

The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.

姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。

try to do 努力，企图做某事。

try doing 试验，试着做某事。

You must try to be more careful.

你可要多加小心。

I tried gardening but didn't succeed.

我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。

go on doing 继续做原来做的事。

After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.

做完数学后，他接着去做物理。

Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.

作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习。

be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"；

be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。

She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.

她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband.

她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband.

她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。

interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。

I shall be interested to know what happens.

我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)

I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?

我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)

mean to do 打算、想

mean doing 意味着

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.

我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.

赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

begin / start to do sth

begin / start doing sth.

1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.

How old were you when you first started playing the piano?

你几岁时开始弹钢琴？

2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do

I was beginning to get angry。

我开始生起气来。

3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。

I begin to understand the truth。

我开始明白真相。

4) 物作主语时

It began to melt.

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

典型例题

1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow

答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play

答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。

to do 和doing做主语的区别

　know是个大家都认识的'英语单词，不过和know有关的短语大家却不见得都知道是什么意思，一起来看看吧。

　be in the know

　英英解释： have inside knowledge about a situation

　英汉释义：知道实情，掌握内幕例句： Talk to Tim. He's in the know。

　跟蒂姆谈谈，他有内幕消息。Are you in the know about the current crisis?

　关于目前的危机，你有什么内幕吗

　know better

　英英解释： have knowledge about how one should behave

　英汉释义：很懂的，很明白例句：You know better than to do that!

　你明知道不应该那么做!

　I wish he had acted differently. He certainly knew better!

　我希望他有不同的表现，他知道该做什么。

　know-how

　英英释义： understanding of how a task should be done

　英汉解释：实际知识;技能;诀窍例句：I'd call technical support and ask someone with the know-how。

　我要打技术支持电话问个明白人。Do you have the know-how to upgrade our servers?

　你有升级我们服务器的能力吗?

　know the tricks of the trade

　英英释义： possess the skills and knowledge to be successful in a particular task

　英汉解释：了解在特殊领域成功的能力和诀窍例句：Let's ask Tom. He knows all the tricks of the trade。

　咱们去问问汤姆吧，他知道这里面的门道。I think we need to bring in a specialist who knows the tricks of the trade。

　我觉得我们需要引进以为懂行的专家。

　know one's ABCs

　英英释义： to understand and be capable of doing the basics

　英汉解释：了解基本知识。例句：I don't think he should do this. He doesn't even know his ABCs。

　我认为他不应该做这个，他对此一无所知。Do you know the ABCs of programming?

　你了解编程的基础知识吗?

　know someone or something like a book

　英英释义： completely understand someone or something

　英汉解释：完全了解某人或者某事例句：

　She knows Jerry like a book。

　她非常了解杰瑞。I think Peter knows the Johnson account like a book. Ask him。

　我觉得皮特非常了解约翰森会计师事务所，去问问他吧。

　know someone by sight

　Definition: be able to recognize someone

　英汉解释：能认出某人例句：I know Peter by sight. I'll got to the airport。

　我能认出皮特，我要去机场啦。Do you know Mary by sight?

　你能认出玛丽吗?

　know something from memory

　英英释义： have something memorized

　英汉解释：凭记忆知道?例句：She knows the piece from memory。

　她零星有点印象。Can you sing "New York, New York" from memory?

　你能凭记忆唱出《纽约，纽约》这首歌吗?

　know something inside out

　英英释义： have completely knowledge of something

　英汉解释：对某件事彻底了解，完全了解例句：

　Susan is the expert. She's knows this stuff inside out。

　苏珊是专家，她非常了解这些事。Let me do it. I know this inside out。

　让我来做吧，我很清楚是怎么回事。

　know the ropes

　英英释义： know how to do something

　英汉解释：掌握诀窍，知道内情。例句：We need to bring somebody in who knows the ropes。

　我们应该找个知道内情的人。I've never used Linux so I really don't know the ropes of installation。

　我从没用过Linux系统，所以我真不知道这个应该怎么安装。

　know the score

　英英释义： understand the facts about a situation

　英汉解释：知道一件事情的真相，深知其害例句：

　I know the score. Don't try to fool me。

　我知道事情的真相，别想糊弄我。

　Please stop making excuses. I know the score and I know you are to blame。

　别找借口了，我知道是怎么回事，我也知道这件事应该怪你。

一、形式不同：

不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语。如果主语用了不定式，表语和宾语也要用不定式；主语用了动名词，表语和宾语也要用动名词，这在英语中称为对称性。

二、表示不同：

不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作；表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时，多用动名词；在”There/It+be+nouse（good/help/need）”之后常用动名词做主语，而少用不定式，但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语，就只能用不定式。

用法：

强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句

强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄

强调宾语：It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.

强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.

判断是否是强调句有一个方法，就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。

以上内容参考：百度百科-主语从句

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