FDI和QFII有什么区别？能举个详细例子吗？另外通过QFII进入的资金，目前是不是只能投入证券

FDI英文全称Foreign Direct Investment，外国直接投资。 FDI是现代的资本国际化的主要形式之一，按照国际货币基金组织（IMF）的定义FDI是指一国的投资者将资本用于他国的生产或经营，并掌握一定经营控制权的投资行为。也可以说是一国（地区）的居民实体（对外直接投资者或母公司）在其本国（地区）以外的另一国的企业（外国直接投资企业、分支企业或国外分支机构）中建立长期关系，享有持久利益并对之进行控制的投资，这种投资既涉及两个实体之间最初的交易，也涉及二者之间以及不论是联合的还是非联合的国外分支机构之间的所有后续交易。

FII与FDI区别，其特点如下：

1、国际间接投资对筹资者的经营活动无控制权；

而国际直接投资对筹资者的经营活拥有控制权。

2、流动性大，风险性小

国际间接投资与企业生产经营无关（因为无控制权），随着二级市场的日益发达与完善，证券可以自由买卖，流动性大，风险性小。

国际直接投资一般都要参与一国企业的生产，生产周期长，一般在10年以上，由企业的利润直接偿还投资。资金一旦投入某一特定的项目，要抽出投资比较困难，其流动性小，风险性大。

3、投资渠道不同

国际间接投资必须通过证券交易所才能进行投资。

国际直接投资只要双方谈判成功即可签定协议进行投资。

4、投资内涵不同

国际间接投资又可称为“国际金融投资”，一般只涉及到金融领域的资金，即货币资本运动。运用的是虚拟资本。

国际直接投资是生产要素的投资，它不仅涉及到货币资本运动，还涉及到生产资本和商品资本运动及其对资本使用过程的控制。运用的是现实资本。

5、自发性和频繁性

国际间接投资受国际间利率差别的影响而表现为一定的自发性，往往自发地从低利率国家向高利率国家流动。 国际间接投资还受到世界经济政治局势变化的影响，经常在国际间频繁移动，以追随投机性利益或寻求安全场所。二战后，随着国际资本市场的逐步完善，国际间接投资的规模。越来越大，流动速度也越来越快。它具有较大的投机性，在这个领域，投资与投机的界限有时难以划分。

国际直接投资是运用现实资本从事经营活动，盈利或亏损的变化比较缓慢，一旦投资后，具有相对的稳定性。

6、获取收益不同

国际间接投资的收益是：利息和股息。

国际直接投资的收益是：利润。

跨国公司是FDI的主要形式。国际直接投资（FDI）的本质，有的学者强调“经营资源”，尤其是企业的无形资产。例如，日本学者原正行（1992）认为，FDI是企业特殊经营资源在企业内部的国际转移；另一位日本学者小岛清（1987）认为，FDI是以经营管理上的技术性专门知识为核心。有的学者则强调“控制权”，例如A.G.肯伍德和A.L.洛赫德（1992）认为，FDI是指一国的某公司在另一国设立分支机构，或获得该国某企业的控制权。相关国际机构、政府部门与理论界，例如联合国跨国公司与投资司、国际货币基金组织、WTO、美国商务部等，认为国际直接投资与国际间接投资的根本区别在于是否获得被投资企业的控制权，因为FDI所形成的无形资产处于核心地位，而货币资本则处于非常次要的地位，只能进行直接投资，所以，FDI不仅直接参与经营管理，而且其直接目标就是获得被投资企业的控制权。基于此，有学者认为，“FDI是指一国或地区企业通过垄断优势（主要表现为无形资产）的国际转移，获得部分或全部外国企业控制权，以实现最终目标和直接目标高度统一的长期投资行为。”

亲，记得加分~~~

October 1, 2004

Mr. Shawn Gray

President

Gray Travel Agency

111 Main Street

Warren, PA 42111

Dear Mr. Gray,

After successfully using your agency for many years, I recently experienced a terrible problem. I am writing to obtain compensation for a huge mistake for which I believe your firm is responsible.

On September 1, 2000, I used Gray Travel to book my honeymoon trip to Hawaii. Your agent, Carla Drysdale, made all of the arrangements for us. She booked my husband and I on the American Airlines flight to Honolulu (Flight 444) on September 14, which was scheduled to arrive at 6 am on the morning of September 15. Our timely arrival was essential, as we were scheduled to participate in a tour group which began its journey on the afternoon of September 15.

Upon our arrival at the San Francisco Airport, we discovered that our reservations had not been confirmed and the airline had overbooked the flight. Sadly, we were unable to get seats on the plane, which was the last American Airlines flight to Hawaii that day. We were reluctant to book seats on another airline, as we had already paid for this trip in full, using a Visa card (account #3374 7796 0039 0021). Our card was charged, yet we had no flight. Unfortunately, our credit limit was inadequate to book a different flight on another airline.

The bottom-line: we missed our flight to Hawaii, along with our tour group's departure in Honolulu. Instead of lying on a tranquil beach, we spent our first married days in the Airport Hilton in San Franciso, trying to sort out this mess. We were unable to speak with Ms. Drysdale until Monday, September 16, which was two days after our scheduled departure. She was extremely apologetic, but could not explain what had caused the problem. She was unable to book us on an alternative flight to Hawaii on such short notice, but did offer to clear our credit card of all charges. She offered us no further explanations or compensation.

My husband and I are both livid. We planned this trip for over a year and were excited about visiting Hawaii on our honeymoon. Ms. Drysdales's mistake cost us our once-in-a-lifetime chance to fulfill a significant personal dream. In fact, we not only msised the trip; we are still fighting to recover our deposits at the hotel in Honolulu!

Because your agency caused the problems, we expect you to work with us to obtain a satisfactory resolution. Specfiically, we expect you to:

1) Verify that our Visa card has been credited for the $4539 we paid for the aborted honeymoon trip

2) Reimburse us for the $560 in deposits we are unable to recover from the Honolulu Sheraton Islander Hotel

3) Reimburse us for the two nights we spent stranded at the San Francisco Airport Hilton ($347)

4) Provide us with two first class round-trip tickets on a flight to Hawaii which will be good for the next calendar year (dates of travel to be our choice)

Your agency can't give us back our wedding trip, but we expect you to provide a future trip comparable to the one we were denied because of your booking mistake. We also expect a full apology from Ms. Drysdale and assurance that she takes responsibility for her error.

From our experience, this situation was a dramatic letdown from the superlative service that we usually receive from Gray Travel. In fact, we have always been loyal to your firm because of the exemplary treatment we have received from you and your attentive staff. We suggest that you coach Ms. Drysdale in proper booking procedures and in customer relations. Her behavior does not reflect positively on Gray Travel.

Please call me before October 15 with confirmation that our requests will be honored. If I don't hear from you, I will report you to the appropriate regulatory agencies in California and Hawaii.

Sincerely,

Jane Myers

111 Walnut Street

Avondale, PA 43211

717-555-7777

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