of 、for、 to 、with的区别与用法

（1）control 在这里是名词，与the production and circulation of plastic bags是同样的用法

（2）不能

（3）不能，不过可以改为to give

With是个介词，基本的意思是“用”，但它也可以协助构成一个极为多采多姿的句型，在句子中起两种作用；副词与形容词。

with在下列结构中起副词作用：

1.“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”，如：

(1) This article deals with common social ills, with particular attention being paid to vandalism.

2.“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”，如：

(2) With different techniques used, different results can be obtained.

(3) The TV mechanic entered the factory with tools carried in both hands.

3.“with+宾语+形容词或短语”，如：

(4) With so much water vapour present in the room, some iron-made utensils have become rusty easily.

(5) Every night, Helen sleeps with all the windows open.

4.“with+宾语＋介词短语”，如：

(6) With the school badge on his shirt, he looks all the more serious.

(7) With the security guard near the gate no bad character could do any thing illegal.

5.“with+宾语＋副词虚词”，如：

(8) You cannot leave the machine there with electric power on.

(9) How can you lock the door with your guests in?

上面五种“with”结构的副词功能，相当普遍，尤其是在科技英语中。

接着谈“with”结构的形容词功能，有下列五种：

一、“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”，如：

(10) The body with a constant force acting on it. moves at constant pace.

(11) Can you see the huge box with a long handle attaching to it ?

二、“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”

(12) Throw away the container with its cover sealed.

(13) Atoms with the outer layer filled with electrons do not form compounds.

三、“with+宾语+形容词或短语”，如：

(14) Put the documents in the filing container with all the drawers open.

四、“with+宾语+介词短语”，如：

(15) The young lady with a red ribbon on her head is my former maths teacher.

(16) Do you know the gentleman with both hands in his pockets?

五、“with+宾语+副词虚词，”如：

(17) Is there any water in the kettle with this cover off ?

(18) Out went the boy scouts with their uniforms on.

of

1. ...的,属于

One of the legs of the table is broken.

桌子的一条腿坏了。

Mr. Brown is a friend of mine.

布朗先生是我的朋友。

2. 用...做成的;由...制成

The house is of stone.

这房子是石建的。

3. 含有...的;装有...的

4. ...之中的;...的成员

Of all the students in this class, Tom is the best.

在这个班级中,汤姆是最优秀的。

5. (表示同位)

He came to New York at the age of ten.

他在十岁时来到纽约。

6. (表示宾格关系)

He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy.

他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。

7. (表示主格关系)

We waited for the arrival of the next bus.

我们等待下一班汽车的到来。

I have the complete works of Shakespeare.

我有莎士比亚全集。

8. 来自...的;出自

He was a graduate of the University of Hawaii.

他是夏威夷大学的毕业生。

9. 因为

Her son died of hepatitis.

她儿子因患肝炎而死。

10. 在...方面

My aunt is hard of hearing.

我姑妈耳朵有点聋。

11. 美(时间)在...之前

12. (表示具有某种性质)

It is a matter of importance.

这是一件重要的事。

for

1. 为,为了

They fought for national independence.

他们为民族独立而战。

This letter is for you.

这是你的信。

2. 代替;代表

We used boxes for chairs.

我们用箱子当椅子坐。

3. 因为,由于

I am sorry for what I said to you.

我后悔不该对你讲那些话。

4. 在(指定时间)

The meeting is arranged for 9 o'clock.

会议安排在九点钟。

5. (表示时间、距离等)达,计

You can see for miles from the roof.

你站在屋顶上可以看到数英里之外。

6. 对于,关于;在...方面

I am too old for the job.

我年纪太大,做不了这工作。

7. 为得到,为赢得

He sent the waiter for a packet of cigarettes.

他让侍者去拿一盒香烟。

8. 以...为代价;以...交换

He sold his car for 500 dollars.

他以五百元把车卖了。

9. 当作,作为

Do you take me for a millionaire?

你是不是把我当百万富翁?

10. 赞成;支持;倾向于

Are you for the government or against it?

你是支持还是反对政府?

11. 朝...方向去;往,向

He left for Taipei.

他出发去台北。

12. 就...而言

She is sophisticated for her age.

就年龄而言她是世故了一点。

conj.

1. 因为,由于

We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport.

我们得早点动身,因为开车去机场得花两个小时。

鹏仔微信 15129739599 鹏仔QQ344225443 鹏仔前端 pjxi.com 共享博客 sharedbk.com