dont have 跟 without的区别

without是介词,don't have 是动词短语,也就是说前者在句子中不能成为主要成分,后者则是可以成为谓语.

without是个介词,是“不附带有……”的意思

可以表示客观的不存在

但don't have在句子中作谓语成分,侧重表示“某人没有某物”

只能指主观上的没有

求采纳

祝您新年快乐

简单一点说：

D. Do not一般是祈使句的开头，而not to do就是引出一个宾语的成分（或者说就是宾语的开头）

如果满意就采纳吧。

后面是附加的补充内容，可以不看。

附1：详细解答：

答案D.

分析这一题考察的是直接引语和间接引语用法的区别，以及say和tell的区别。Do not是直接引语，而not to是间接引语。

解答Do not是直接引语（说话用引号引起来的）。He said, “Don’t do that again.” 翻译过来就是：他说：“不要再这样做了。”）

Not to do是间接引语（没有用引号引起来的转述的话）.He told me not to do that again.这是“我”转述给别人，他让我不要再这样做了。翻译过来就是：他告诉我不要再这样做了。

再看看say和tell的区别。say后不能接说话对象，只能接说话内容，没有say to sb not to do sth这种用法。而tell后接人，常用tell sb to do sth/tell sb not to do sth告诉某人要去做某事/告诉某人不要做某事

所以这题应该选D.

点评弄清直接引语和间接引语的区别，以及say和tell的区别，这一题就能够做出了。

附2：考点分析（

参考资料：

考点名称：直接引语与间接引语

定义：

直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。

　　 例：He said:" It is too late."

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。

　　 例：He said it was too late.

直接引语与间接引语的转换：

一、人称代词的变化：

直接引语变间接引语时，人称代词的变化一般规律是：

第一人称→第三人称；

第二人称→第一人称；

第三人称→第三人称。

简记为“二一、一三、三留”。

例："I'm thinking of changing my address." he said.

→ He said that he was thinking of changing his address.（I和he指同一个人）

Xiao Ming asked me, "Are you going to the park with us?"

→ Xiao Ming asked me if I was going to the park with them.（us与them指相同的人，XiaoMing是其中的一员；me和you指同一个人）

Mr. Li said, "She will attend the meeting."

→ Mr. Li saidthatshewouldattendthemeeting.（Mr. Li和she不是同一个人） 但当说话者是第一人称，直接引语中的主语也是第一人称时，不作变化。

I said to my children, "I will give you some presents on Christmas Day."

→ I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day. （I为同一说话者）

二、时态的变化：

直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化规律是往“过去”相应的时态推移：

一般现在时→一般过去时，

一般将来时→过去将来时，

现在进行时→过去进行时，

现在完成时→过去完成时，

一般过去时/过去完成时→过去完成时。

如：My father told me, "He will come back next week."

→ My father told me that he would come back the next week.

She asked me, "Did you finish your homework?"

→ She asked me if I had finished my homework.

注意：直接引语属下列情况时，时态不作变化：

1、直接引语属真理或客观事实时：

如：The teacher said to us, "Light runs much faster than sound."

→ The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.

2、主句谓语动词是现在或将来某个时态：

如：The old man often says, "I joined the Red Army when I was young."

→ The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.

3、直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语时：

如：The politics teacher said to us, "The party was founded in 1921."

→ The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.

4、直接引语谓语有情态动词：had better，would rather及need，must，oughtto等时：

如：He said to me, "I would rather live in the countryside."

→ He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.

5、直接引语为虚拟语气谓语时 e.g.Shesaid,"IwouldbehappyifIwereabird."→ Shesaidthatshewouldbehappyifshewereabird.

三、句型的变化：

直接引语变间接引语时，句型要作适当变化：

1、变陈述句为由that引导的从句（that常省略）：

如："I want to improve my English at school," said the child.

→ The child said(that) he wanted to improve his English at school.

2、变一般疑问句为由if/whether引导的从句：

如："Are you sure he will come today?"Jenny asked Helen.

→ Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day.

3、变选择疑问句为由whether...or.../whether...or not引导的从句：

如："Is he a director or an actor?" she asked me.

→ She asked me whether he was a director or an actor.

4、变反意问句时，要视说话者的语气而定：

（1）表示疑问时，先需去掉后面的反意问句部分，再按一般疑问句变化。

如："You haven't finished your composition, have you?" the teacher said to me.

→ The teacher asked me if I had finished my composition.

（2）表示提醒或警告等特别语气时，先按陈述句变化，再把间接引语前的动词更换为表示相应语气的动词remind，warn等。

如："You're late for class, aren't you?" the teacher said angrily to me.

→ The teacher warned me that I was late for class.

5、变特殊疑问词开头的问句为原特殊疑问词引导的从句：

如："When did you come here?" Tom asked Jim.

→ Tom asked Jim when he had gone there.

6、变祈使句为不定式短语，作动词ask，tell，order，beg，request，advise，offer，warn等的宾语补足语，宾语为说话者的对象，选什么动词，视情况而定：

如：The doctor said to the patient, "Don't eat oily food again."

→ The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.

7、变感叹句为how或what引出的从句，也可用that引出从句：

如："How clever a boy he is." the teacher said to the mother.

→ The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was.

或：The teacher told the mother that he was clever boy.

8、直接引语是多个句子时，按其句型特点，用上面的方法分别处理，并用and连接：

如：Mrs. Smith said, "I don't know the way to the station. How can I get there?"

→ Mrs. Smith said that she didn't know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there.

9、若直接引语是What's the matter?/What has happened?/What's wrong with...? 时，变成间接引语语序不变：

如："What's the matter?" said he.

→ He asked me what was the matter.

直接引语变间接引语词语转化对比：

直接引语 间接引语

this, these that, those

here there

now then

today,tonight that day,that night

this evening that evening

last week the week before

tomorrow the next/following day

yesterday the day before

next week/month/year the next week/month/ year

ago before

come go

注意：如果在当时转述别人话，不必要改变时间状语；在原地转述别人的话，也不必改变地点状语，同样，come也不一定要改为go。

如：John said just now, "I came here yesterday."

→John said just now that he came here yesterday.

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