新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第一单元textone课文分段结构及翻...

新时代研究生学术英语，综合教程1第一单元textone课文分段结构及翻译如下：

第一段

If it's January,you can be sure that high school students and their parents

are sweating over their final college application deadlines-and pundits are busy

penning articles and books proclaiming that "college isn't worth it".

如果现在是一月，可以肯定的是，高中生和他们的父母此刻都在埋头苦干，好赶在截止日期前完成大学申请，而专家们则忙于撰文著书，宣称“大学不值得上”。

第二段

Typically,the articles point to high-prestige employers (Google,Amazon,Apple)that no longer require a college degree for their jobs or

fabulously successful Americans(Bill Gates,Steve Jobs)who dropped out of

college.

通常情况下，这类文章会谈到那些享有盛誉的企业（谷歌、亚马逊、苹果），说他们提供的工作不再要求大学文凭，或者提及一些曾从大学辍学而如今声名显赫的美国人（比尔·盖茨、史蒂夫·乔布斯）。

It all sounds good.

这些听起来都没错。

Then you look at the jobs and realize they tend to be low-prestige,low-wage

positions for which a college degree was probably never required in the first

place.

不过你看看那些工作，就会意识到它们一般都是地位低、薪酬低的岗位，很可能本来就不需要大学文凭。

And you look at the demographic data and realize that billionaires (whether

they have a degree or not)send their own children to college.

再查查人口统计数据，你会发现亿万富豪们（不管他们自己有没有大学文凭）都会把子女送入大学。

第三段

What's up?Here are the four most common lies you are hearing and some

common-sense facts to keep you and your teenager on an even keel while

considering and applying for college.

这是什么情况？下面是我们最常听到的四个谎言和一些常识，能让你和你的孩子在考虑和申请大学时保持冷静。

第四段

Lie 1:For successful people,college is a waste of time.

谎言一：对于成功人士来说，上大学是浪费时间。

If this argument were true,you would assume that the nation's wealthiest and

most powerful citizens would be keeping their own kids out of college.

如果这个观点正确，那么我们可以推测，美国最富有和最有权势的人群不会让自己的孩子上大学。

However,a whopping 92 percent of those in America's top 5 percent income

bracket go to college.

然而，在美国收入最高的5%的人群中，有高达92%的人上过大学。

A 2015 study by the team of educational economists led by Harvard professor

Raj Chetty reveals a straight line from the people least to most likely to

attend college and that line correlates precisely with wealth.

哈佛大学教授拉杰·切蒂带领的教育经济学家团队在2015年进行了一项研究，发现将最不可能与最有可能上大学的人群连起来的那条直线，正好与他们的财富紧密相关。

第五段

Lie 2:Those who are not affluent don't need college.

谎言二：不富裕的人不需要上大学。

Wrong again.

又错了。

A degree ensures an even bigger boost in income levels for those in the

lowest 20 percent income bracket.

学位能确保那些收入最低的20%的人群更大程度地提高收入水平。

A college education remains the single best investment a family in the lowest

income level can make to ensure its children rise to significantly higher income

levels.

对于收入水平最低的家庭而言，上大学仍是最好的一种投资，能确保孩子的水平显著提升。

College changes lives.

大学改变人生。

College is the single largest determinant of social mobility for those with

the lowest income.

对于那些收入最低的人们来说，大学教育能在最大程度上决定社会阶层的流动性。

第六段

Lie 3:Everyone should go to college.

谎言三：每个人都应该上大学。

It may seem contradictory to point out that college isn't for everyone but it

is not.

并非每个人都适合上大学，指出这一点似乎有些矛盾，但其实并不矛盾。

Not everyone wants to go to college -but,in our highly technical,specialized

world,just about everyone needs some form of advanced training even to fill out

job applications these days.

虽然并不是每个人都想上大学，但是在我们这个高度技术化、专业化的世界中，几乎每个人都需要接受某种形式的高等培训，哪怕只是为了填写工作申请表。

We need to do a far better job of reintroducing non-college vocational

training in our secondary schools and supporting our community colleges which do

offer such training.

我们需要加大力度将非大学教育的职业培训重新纳入中学教育中，并对确实在开展此类培训的社区学院给予支持。

第七段

Even if the robots are coming,there are many jobs that require human hands

and human intelligence,judgment,care and style.

即使机器人出现，还是有许多工作需要人的双手，需要人的智慧、判断、关怀和品味。

We need hairdressers and firefighters,physical therapists and dental

hygienists, mechanics and actors,sculptors and dancers and health-care

workers.

我们仍然需要理发师、消防员、理疗师、牙科保健师、机械师、演员、雕塑家、舞蹈家和医护人员。

第八段

Lie 4:Many college graduates don't earn as much money as they expected or

used to earn because college didn't prepare them for it.

谎言四：许多大学毕业生的收入低于预期或不及从前，这是因为大学没有使得他们为就业做好准备。

It is true,actually,that many graduates earn less than they used to, but not

for the reason pundits give:that college is "behind the times"and doesn't make

students "workforce ready.

许多毕业生的收入比以前减少了，这是事实，但其原因却并非如专家们所言：大学“落后于时代”，没有使得学生“做好就业准备”。

"The real problem is that the workforce itself no longer pays adequately for

a wide range of formerly middle-class occupations that are vital to society and

that require postsecondary education and even graduate training in some

cases.

真正的问题是，对于一大批原先的中产阶级职业，劳动力市场本身不再为其支付足够的薪资。这些职业都是对社会至关重要的、需要受过高等教育、有时甚至需要毕业生完成入职培训才能从事的职业。

第九段

I agree that college is behind the times,and I have dedicated my career to

making it as relevant as possible.

我认同大学落伍了，我在自己的职业生涯中也致力于使大学教育尽可能地与时俱进。

But the most relevant education in the world cannot change a labor market

rigged against the middle class.

然而，就算世上最相关的教育也无法改变一个对中产阶级不利的就业市场。

This is a social problem,not a higher education problem.

这是一个社会问题，不是高等教育的问题。

For example,although we now have a teacher shortage in all 50 states,

teachers make 17 percent less than median equivalent college-educated

workers,whereas,two decades ago,they made 4 percent less than the median.

例如，尽管现在全部50个州都存在师资短缺现象，但教师的收入却比同等大学学历就业者的中位数低17%，而20年

What college student can afford to be a teacher anymore?

前这个数字仅为4%。什么样的大学毕业生才能当得起教师呢？

第十段

The underemployment of recent college graduates is as significant a social

problem as soaring college tuition debt.

应届大学毕业生就业不足，这与大学学费债务飙升一样，都是严重的社会问题。

Law school graduates with hundreds of thousands in debt cannot afford to be

defense lawyers or district attorneys.

法学院毕业生背负着几十万的债务，当不起辩护律师或地方检察官。

Newly minted doctors,carrying an average debt of $250,000,can no longer

afford to be general practitioners or to practice public health,or to work in

rural or underserved urban areas.

新入职的医生平均负债25万美元，他们不再能当得起全科医生，也无力去从事公共卫生工作，更无力去农村或医疗资源匮乏的城市地区工作。

第十一段

In my own profession of college teaching,more than 75 percent of faculty

openings across all institutions of higher education are for

"adjuncts",part-time faculty,paid by the course,with no security and no voice in

the institution.

在我身处的大学教学这个职业，所有高校的教师职位中有75%以上的教职空位都是“附职”，即兼职教员，他们按课程计薪，没有保障，在校内也没有发言权。

第十二段

Too many college students face similar employment obstacles when they

graduate.

太多的大学生在毕业时面临着类似的就业困难。

Yet,without a college degree,the economic obstacles are even worse.

然而，若无大学文凭，他们面临的经济困难会更大。

第十三段

Again,this is a labor problem in our society,not,as pundits will be telling

you,the fault of a college education that does not "prepare"you for the labor

market.

这依然是我们社会的就业问题，而不是像专家们会告诉你的那样：错在大学教育没能使学生们为就业市场做好“准备”。

第十四段

I am part of a growing cadre of educators working to redesign higher

education for the challenges students face today.

我现在加入了一支不断壮大的、致力于重塑高等教育的骨干队伍，着力应对当今大学生所面临的挑战。

Some of us work on the problem of refunding public education:State cutbacks

over the past two decades have resulted in soaring tuition rates and mounting

student debt Others work on food and housing insecurity for students who are at

college.

我们当中有人在努力推进退还公共教育经费一事：过去20年间，州政府削减了教育经费，致使学费飘升、学生债务增加；有人致力于保障在校大学生的伙食与住宿安全。

Others work on relevant curricular redesign and new ways of learning,in the

classroom and beyond.

还有人专注于重新设计相关课程，革新课堂内外的学习方式。

Higher education can,and should, be revolutionized for the complex world our

students are inheriting.

高等教育可以也应该为我们的学生将要接管的复杂世界而进行变革。

第十五段

However,in the meantime,while we are working to innovate in our colleges,high

school seniors and their parents need to close their ears to the false,even

fraudulent,idea that "college isn't worth it."

然而，与此同时，我们在致力于大学教育创新的同时，即将毕业的高中生和他们的父母们切勿理会“大学不值得上”这种错误的甚至是欺骗性的想法。

你好呀！四六级题型共有四部分：写作、听力理解、阅读理解、翻译（按照试卷顺序）。其中写作分值占比15%；听力分为长对话、听力篇章和讲话，分别占比8%、7%、20%；阅读理解占比35%；翻译占比15%。

四六级试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时间如下表所示：

四六级题型

具体题型要点

1、作文

写作部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力。写作测试选用考生所熟悉的题材，要求考生根据所提供的信息及提示（如：提纲、情景、或图表等）写出一篇短文，六级150-200词。分值占比15%。

2、听力理解（已改革）

全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会自2016年6月考试起将对四、六级考试的听力试题作局部调整。

四六级听力部分各项占比：长对话8%，听力篇章7%，讲座/讲话20%。听力分值占比35%。

四六级对话部分,包括长对话，听力篇章和讲座/讲话。均采用多项选择题的形式进行考核，每段对话均朗读一遍。

长对话：有2篇，共8题，每题7.1分；分值占比8%。

听力篇章：有2篇，共7题，每题7.1分；分值占比7%。

讲座篇章：有3篇，共10题，每题14.2分；分值占比20%。

3、阅读理解

阅读理解部分包括选词填空，长篇阅读，和仔细阅读，测试学生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力，包括理解篇章或段落的主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推测判断以及根据上下文推测词义等能力。

该部分各项分值占比为：选词填空5%，长篇阅读10%，仔细阅读20%。

1） 选词填空：

选词填空要求考生阅读一篇删去若干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词汇填空，使短文复原。篇章长度六级为250-300词。

2）长篇阅读：

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。为较长篇幅的1篇文章，总长度六级约1200词。阅读速度六级约每分钟120词。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。

3） 仔细阅读部分：

为2篇选择题型的短文理解测试，要求考生根据对文章的理解，从每题四个选项中选择最佳答案。每篇长度六级为400-450词。

4、翻译

翻译题型为段落汉译英。测试把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力；翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。六级长度为180-200个词。分值占比15%。

以上就是大学英语四六级题型的分布情况。特别注意我们做听力时，尽量边听边涂答题卡，要不然没有时间去涂答题卡，因为听力一结束就要收答题卡了。做阅读题，词汇理解放在最后做，这题比较难，实在没有时间就猜答案也行。

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