英语语法小结

本文将介绍英语语法中的常见用法和易错点，帮助读者更好地掌握英语语言。

was和is的区别

was表示过去时，is表示现在时。

现在完成时的用法

现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，常用于描述过去的经历和现在的状态。如：The girl used to play the violin very well.

特殊疑问句的构成

特殊疑问句由疑问词+一般疑问句构成，如：Is she the girl whose grandfather was a Red Army man?

used to的用法

used to表示过去的习惯或状态，常用于描述过去和现在的变化。如：She used to be lazy, but she works hard these days.

现在完成时的否定句和疑问句

分别为：haven（t；hasn（t，过去分词和Have；Has，主语，过去分词。

never和not的区别

never表示从未，not表示不。如：She never used to read newspapers, but she reads a newspaper every day now.

一虚拟语气

1） 概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

2） 在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。

Were they here now, they could help us.

=If they were here now, they could help us.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him

=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。

If I were you, I would go to look for him.

如果我是你，就会去找他。

If he were here, everything would be all right.

如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

二祈使语气

祈使语气表示劝告、命令、希望或禁止等,用原形动词开始,主语常被省略。

Give me some candies first.

先给我些糖果。

祈使语气表示恳求、建议或邀请。

Be a good boy. Tell me, please.

要做个好孩子。请告诉我吧。

Speak more slowly, please.

请讲慢些。

三省略句

省略句是省略了一个或多个句子成分, 如主语、述语动词或子句的句子。

在不会引起误解或非正式场合, 句子的主语可以省略。

(It) Looks like rain.

看起来要下雨。

对等连接词and连接两个并列的子句,若两句中的述语动词相同,第二句中的动词可以省略。

I am a doctor, and my wife (is) a teacher.

我是个医生，我妻子是教师。

四定语从句

定语从句

1.在句子中充当形容词用的子句是形容词子句。

2.形容词子句可修饰人或物,用关系代名词who,which,that等连接。

The teacher blamed the boy that(who) broke the window.

老师责备了打坏窗子的男孩。

that broke the window是形容词子句,修饰the boy。

It must be a toy car that(which) can be assembled.

一定是个能组装的玩具车。

that(which) can be assembled是形容词子句,修饰a toy car。

He was reading a book that(which) was written by Mark Twain.

他在读一本马克吐温写的书。

which was written by Mark Twain是形容词子句,修饰a book

五状语从句---副词子句

1.在句子中起副词作用的子句是副词子句。

2.副词子句表示时间。

Before it gets dark, I’ll come back.

天黑以前我会回来。

After it gets dark, the children go back home.

天黑以后孩子们回家。

六从句与先行词一致

1. 子句与先行词一致主要指形容词子句的关系代名词和述语动词与主要子句的先行词的一致。

2. 关系代名词who, which, that在形容词子句中作主语时,人称、性、数以及述语动词必须和先行词一致。

I, who am your friend, can help you.

我作为你的朋友可以帮助你。

七不定式

不定词的简单式由to+原形动词构成,其动作与主要动词同时发生,或发生在主要动词之后。

I am glad to see you.

我见到你很高兴。

He promised to raise money for us.

他答应为我们筹备款项。

八被动语态用得不如主动语态多，但在某些情况下须要用或宜用被动语态。

1.不知道或不必指明动作的发出者时用被动语态。

He was born in 1971.

他出生于1971年。

The origin of the universe will probably never be explained.

宇宙的起源大概永远不会有答案。

2.要强调或突出动作的承受者时用被动语态。

The plan has already been canceled.

这个计划已经取消。

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