no与not的用法与区别

no和not都表示否定，但含义和使用场合不同。

no是形容词，可直接放在名词之前。但若名词前已有the, a(n)，any, much, enough等词，则用副词not。用not属于一般比较结构，意为“比不上”或“不如”；用no则情况比较特殊，一般说来“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”所表示的意思是该形容词或副词的相反含义。

no 和not的区别

意思不同

1.no意思：(用于否定的回答或陈述)不，没有，不是，(对某人所说的话感到惊讶)不，不要。

2.not意思：(构成动词be、do和have及情态动词can或must等的否定形式，常缩略为n't)不，没有，(否定后面的词或短语，或作否定的回答)不。

词性不同

1.no词性：no是形容词，用作前置定语限定名词。

2.not词性：not是副词，主要用于为中的动词的否定式。

no 和not的用法

no用法：no用作形容词表示“没有的”时，与可数名词的单数或不可数名词连用，谓语动词用单数，与可数名词的复数连用时，谓语动词用复数，也可表示某事被禁止，即“不许的，不可的”。还可表示与所说的事截然不同。

not用法：not的基本意思是“不，没有”，通常用于否定句中，位于动词be、have/has或情态动词之后，或与之一起构成缩写形式，如:isn't，don't，won't等。在复合句中常可将not置于主语的谓语动词之前，而不放在从句中，这称之为转移否定。

no more than的意思是“只不过”，not more than的意思是“不多于”。试比较：

There are no more than ten tickles left. 剩下不到十张票。 (有“票少”的含义)

The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons. 做这个试验的人不到五个。(没有“多”或“少”的含义，只是客观地说明数目)

This room is no bigger than that. 这个房间并不比那个大。 (有“两个房间都不大”的含义)

This room is not bigger than that one.这个房间不比那个大。 (没有“两个房间都不大或都不小”的含义)

[注]注意not …. Any more than或no more...than在下面句子中的用法。如：

They cannot do the impossible any more than we can.他们和我们同样不能做不可能的事情。

He is no more diligent than I am.他和我同样不勤奋

no less than和not less than

no less than的意思是“不亚于”，not less than的意思是“不少于”。试比较：

There were no less than a thousand people at the meeting.

到会的有一千人之多。(有“到会人多”的含义)

There were not less than one thousand people at the meeting.

到会的至少有一千人。(没有“到会人多或人少”的含义)

This song is no less popular than that one.这首歌之受欢迎不亚于那首歌。(有“两首歌都受欢迎”的含义)

This song is not less popular than that one.这首歌受欢迎的程度不比那首差。(纯粹比较。不一定有“两首歌都受欢迎”的含义)

more...

英语教学和学习中,我们常常对more than, more...than, not more than, no more than这四种结构的用法混淆或使用上出现差错。现将其用法进行归纳整理以便于大家区别使用。

1. more than的用法主要有:

1)用于数词(或相当于数词的词之前),作"多于、大于"解。如:

More than one man was killed. 被杀害的不止一人。

2)作"非常,极其"解。如:

He is more than pleased. 他非常高兴。

They were more than willing to help. 他们非常愿意帮忙。

3)作"超出……的"解。如:

I more than saw it, I felt it too. 我不仅仅是看见了它,我都感觉到它了!

This is more than I can tell. 那我就不知道了。

2. more...than常用形式为:more X than Y相当于"X rather than Y","not so much Y as X","less Y than X"等,作"与其说是Y不如说是X"解。

He is more a scholar than a teacher. 与其说他是位教师毋宁说他是位学者。

He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。

在使用此结构时,要注意其与"X rather than Y","not so much Y as X","less Y than X"等结构用法的区别。如:

He lay rather than sat in his armchair. 与其说他是坐在扶手椅里不如说是躺在里边。

Oceans don't so much divide the world as unite it. 与其说海洋分隔了世界,不如说海洋连接世界。

The child was less hurt than frightened. 这孩子伤倒不算什么,只是受惊不小。

3. not more than有两种用法:

1)[后接名词](=at most)作"不超过、至多"解。

There are not more than five books in the case. 箱子里至多有五本书。

He has learned not more than 100 words. 他学会的词不超过100个。

2)[后接从句]往往为"not more...than"形式,作"还比不上"解。本句型侧重点往往在后一个分句,译成汉语时,仍按原来的语序。

I am not more mad than you. 我哪里像你那么疯。

This book is not more interesting than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。

4. no more than=not any more than的使用比较复杂,其情况如下:

1)[后接名词](=only)作"不过,仅仅"解。

He is no more than a puppet. 他不过是个傀儡。

2)[后接从句]这种结构在不同的语言环境里有三种不同的用法及含义。

A. 作"没有比……更……"解,其形式往往为"no...more...than"。

There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom. (Patterns of Culture, by Ruth Benedict)没有比"风俗的作用"这种社会问题更迫切需要我们了解。

B. 用于there be和to have这类动词之后,作"一样……多"解。

He has no more money than you have. 他的钱和你一样多。

C. 作"同……一样不"解,相当于"not...just as...not"。本句型侧重点往往在前一个分句,译成汉语时通常要把分句的次序颠倒,才能表达出重点来。

The whale is no more a fish than the dog is.

=The whale is not a fish just as the dog is not a fish. 如同狗一样,鲸也不是鱼。

You can no more swim than I can fly.

=You can not swim just as I can not fly. 你不能游泳正如我不能飞行一样。

学习中尤其要注意no more...than和not more...than的区别:

no more...than含有消极,否定的意味,译为"A与B都不……,不……也不"等。

not more...than含有积极,肯定的意味,表示程度上的差异。比较:

He is no more diligent than you. 你不勤奋,他也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋)

He is not more diligent than you. 他没有你那么勤奋。(意指两个人都勤奋,但你更勤奋)

She is no more a teacher than a worker. 她既不是工人,也不是教师。

She is not more a teacher than a worker. 说她是个教师,倒不如说她是个工人。

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